Biology EOC Updates 2012

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Biology EOC Updates 2012 Page 1 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 1 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. SCIENCE Assessment Updates for 2012 Biology End-of-Course (EOC) Exam Page 2 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 2 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Page 3 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 3 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 End-of-Course Exam Development Information ........................................................................................... 4 Washington State K-12 Science Learning Standards ................................................................................ 4 Test and Item Specifications ..................................................................................................................... 4 Item Types ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Performance Level Descriptors ................................................................................................................. 5 Graduation Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 6 2012 Biology EOC Testing Window ............................................................................................................... 6 Major Changes in the 2012 Science Assessment .......................................................................................... 6 Resources for Educators ............................................................................................................................... 7 2011 Lessons Learned from Scoring Student Work .................................................................................. 7 Teacher Tool ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Sample Item Templates ............................................................................................................................ 7 New Samples for 2012 .................................................................................................................................. 8 Student Sample Pages ............................................................................................................................... 9 Teacher Answer Pages ............................................................................................................................ 28 Resources/Contact Information .................................................................................................................. 56 Page 4 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 4 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Introduction Updates for 2012 contains pertinent information for Washington educators. This document includes a summary of changes and new information in science assessment, links to resources for teachers, and sample test items. Updates for 2012 has been customized into grade levels: Grade 5, Grade 8, and the Biology End-of-Course Exam. The documents are available on http://www.k12.wa.us/Science/EducatorResources.aspx End-of-Course Exam Development Information Washington State K-12 Science Learning Standards In 2009, the K-12 Science Learning Standards were formally adopted. Along with the new standards, the legislature provided direction for the redesign of the assessment system. The Measurements of Student Progress (MSP) replaced the Washington Assessment of Student Learning (WASL) and assessed the new science standards in grades 5 and 8 in the spring of 2011. A biology end-of-course (EOC) exam will replace the High School Proficiency Exam (HSPE) in 2012. View the Washington State K-12 Science Learning Standards at: http://www.k12.wa.us/Science/Standards.aspx Test and Item Specifications The Test and Item Specifications provide guidelines for developing large-scale assessments based on the Washington State K-12 Science Learning Standards. The science assessment includes systems, inquiry, and application scenarios which reflect the cross-cutting concepts and abilities in the standards. Most items in science assessments are connected to a scenario. Some stand-alone items also appear. Stand- alone items are clearly marked for students on the assessment. The test specifications provide a grade-level or course test map that delineates the type and number of items. The document also provides a list of science vocabulary words that are necessary for the purposes of the assessment. The Test and Item Specifications are periodically updated. Included with each updated version of the Test and Item Specifications will be a summary of the changes made since the previous version. The Test and Item Specifications documents can be accessed through the following link: http://www.k12.wa.us/Science/TestItemSpec.aspx. Page 5 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 5 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Item Types Item Types on the Biology End-of-Course (EOC) Exam Item Type Point Value Items per operational test Distinguishing Feature(s) Multiple choice 1 31-34 • Each multiple choice item has four answer choices, the correct answer and three distractors. Completion 1 1-4 • Each completion item requires the student to write a number, word or short phrase. Short answer 2 5 • Each short answer item requires a response in the form of phrases or sentences. • Short answer items may ask students to do things like write a conclusion or procedure, solve a technological design problem, or describe aspects of biological systems. Five additional pilot items will be embedded in the EOC. These items are not included in student scores. Performance Level Descriptors Performance Level Descriptors (PLDs) give teachers, parents/guardians and students more information about the typical skills and knowledge a student demonstrates on state assessments in each performance level. Committees of Washington state teachers, parents and community members develop the Performance Level Descriptors during the standard setting process. The PLDs are in development for the Biology EOC and not currently available. Additional information about PLDs can be found at http://www.k12.wa.us/assessment/StateTesting/PLD/default.aspx. Page 6 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 6 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Graduation Requirements In spring 2012, all students taking a biology course will participate in an end-of-course exam as directed by the 2010 Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 6444, section 513 (3). Students in 10th grade who are not in a biology course are also required to take the biology EOC because of the No Child Left Behind requirement to assess science in high school. House Bill 1410 defined science assessment and graduation requirements as: Students in the classes of 2012, 2013 and 2014 are not required to pass a state science exam for the purposes of graduation. Beginning with the class of 2015, students are required to pass the biology EOC. Those students can first take the biology EOC in spring 2012. Refer to http://www.k12.wa.us/assessment/StateTesting/BiologyEnd-of-CourseExams.aspx for further information. 2012 Biology EOC Testing Window The 2012 biology EOC will be available from May 7 through June 15, 2012. The schedule for the administration of the end-of-course exam is to be determined locally. Administration is to occur during the last three weeks of the course. The exam may be administered in three 50 minute class settings, or in a single session of approximately 150 minutes. Refer to http://www.k12.wa.us/assessment/StateTesting/default.aspx for further information. Major Changes in the 2012 Science Assessment The 2012 biology EOC will assess content standards from the 2009 Washington State K-12 Science Learning Standards. The exam will include items assessing standards from EALR 1 (Systems), EALR 2 (Inquiry), EALR 3 (Application) and the Life Science Domain of EALR 4. Scenarios will be in the context of life science. The Test and Item Specifications document found at http://www.k12.wa.us/Science/TestItemSpec.aspx contains specific information about the format of the biology EOC. Page 7 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 7 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Resources for Educators Visit http://www.k12.wa.us/Science/EducatorResources.aspx for links to the documents listed in this section. Check regularly for new resources. 2011 Lessons Learned from Scoring Student Work The Science Assessment Team shares observations about student responses to items piloted in 2011 for the Biology EOC in Lessons Learned from Scoring Student Work. The purpose of this document is to provide teachers with insight into common misconceptions and errors that may keep students from earning full credit on state assessment items. 2011 Lessons Learned from Scoring Student Work will be available in November and can be downloaded at: http://www.k12.wa.us/Science/EducatorResources.aspx. Teacher Tool The Teacher Tool provides information about items on the previous year’s assessment. A brief description of each item on the exam is provided as well as state-level performance data. The high school information on the Teacher Tool is for items from the 2011 assessment which were based on the previous standards. The Teacher Tool is located at http://www.k12.wa.us/TeacherResourceTool2010-11/default.aspx. Sample Item Templates Templates of questions and the scoring rubrics for common short-answer items used on the Biology EOC are available in the form of Word documents. The templates can be edited for use in classroom practice by incorporating content from any science curriculum. The templates can be downloaded at: http://www.k12.wa.us/Science/ItemTemplates.aspx Page 8 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 8 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. New Samples for 2012 The scenarios and items on pages 10-27 are samples that are aligned with the K-12 Science Learning Standards. These items have not gone through the comprehensive review process that test items must pass before placement on an actual state test. Teachers may still use these items as classroom exercises, or informal checks for understanding, as teachers have the ability and choice to clarify any questions about these items as students are working on them. The Teacher Answer Pages (pages 28-55) provide the keys, rubrics, and sample student responses. Printing tip: Print the student pages back-to-back, beginning with the cover sheet on page 9, to preserve pagination. Page 9 Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 9 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Student Sample Pages Student Name:____________________________________________ Page 10 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 10 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Directions: Answer questions 1 and 2 on pages 10 and 11. They are not connected to a scenario. 1 People sweat to help maintain body temperature. What type of feedback happens when sweating regulates body temperature? o A. Positive feedback, because sweating can increase body temperature o B. Positive feedback, because sweating can decrease body temperature o C. Negative feedback, because sweating can decrease body temperature o D. Negative feedback, because sweating can increase body temperature Page 11 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 11 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 2 Plants use nitrogen to make proteins. What is present in the soil that makes nitrogen directly available to plants? o A. Air o B. Water o C. Sugars o D. Bacteria Page 12 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 12 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Foaming Spuds Directions: Use the following information to answer questions 3 through 6 on pages 14 through 17. Mike and Kelsey were studying how hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cells breaks down to form water and oxygen. When this reaction happens, bubbles of oxygen gas are released, producing foam. This reaction is described as follows: A protein named catalase, found in all cells including potatoes, increases the rate of this reaction. Mike and Kelsey used potato juice as the source of catalase to do the following controlled experiment. Question: What is the effect of the acidity of potato juice on the volume of foam produced when hydrogen peroxide is added to potato juice? Prediction: As the acidity of potato juice decreases (higher pH), the volume of foam will increase. Materials: graduated cylinders labeled pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, and pH 9 potato juice from the same potato, divided and adjusted to four acidities: pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, and pH 9 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) beaker stopwatch stirring rods thermometer Controlled Experiment Setup Page 13 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 13 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Procedure: 1. Label four graduated cylinders, one for each acidity. 2. Put 10 milliliters of potato juice at pH 6 in the appropriately labeled cylinder. 3. Do the same for each of the other cylinders. 4. Monitor the room temperature to make sure the temperature remains the same throughout the investigation. 5. Add 5 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide to each graduated cylinder, stir for two seconds. Wait three minutes. 6. Measure and record the volume of foam in each graduated cylinder as Trial 1. 7. Clean all graduated cylinders and stirring rods. 8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 two times for Trials 2 and 3. 9. Calculate and record the average volume of foam for each acidity of potato juice. Data: Acidity of Potato Juice vs. Volume of Foam Acidity of Potato Juice (pH) Volume of Foam (milliliters) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 6 22 25 25 24 7 32 38 36 35 8 41 42 42 42 9 32 29 30 30 Page 14 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 14 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 3 How could Mike and Kelsey be more certain the results of their experiment are reliable? o A. Test the reaction with other acidities of potato juice. o B. Repeat the experiment the same way. o C. Increase the volume of potato juice. o D. Use a different type of plant juice. Page 15 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 15 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 4 Write a conclusion for this controlled experiment. In your conclusion, be sure to: • Answer the experimental question. • Include supporting data from the Acidity of Potato Juice vs. Volume of Foam table. • Explain how these data support your conclusion. • Provide a scientific explanation for the trend in the data. Question: What is the effect of the acidity of potato juice on the volume of foam produced when hydrogen peroxide is added to potato juice? Conclusion: Page 16 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 16 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 5 What did Mike and Kelsey do to make the results of their experiment valid? o A. Recorded the volume of foam in milliliters. o B. Calculated the average volume of foam for each acidity. o C. Measured the volume of foam at each acidity three times. o D. Waited three minutes before measuring the volume of foam. Page 17 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 17 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 6 Plan a controlled experiment to answer the question in the box. You may use any materials and equipment in your procedure. Be sure your procedure includes: • logical steps to do the experiment • two controlled (kept the same) variables • one manipulated (independent) variable • one responding (dependent) variable • how often measurements should be taken and recorded Question: What is the effect of the temperature of potato juice on the time for bubbling to stop after hydrogen peroxide is added? Procedure: Page 18 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 18 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. The Green Machine Directions: Use the following information to answer questions 7 through 10 on pages 19 through 21. While helping to plant a school garden, Becky and Juan observed many different types of plants. They drew the following diagram of a green pepper plant growing in the garden. Page 19 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 19 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 7 The green pepper plant has proteins that control the process of making glucose. How does the plant obtain these proteins? o A. The plant makes the proteins using the instructions in DNA. o B. The proteins are absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plant. o C. The light energy changes molecules in the plant cell into proteins. o D. The proteins are all present in the seed before germination occurs. 8 Becky and Juan want to increase the mass of food produced in the school garden. Which of the following questions could lead to a possible solution to this problem? o A. How much carbon dioxide do plants require? o B. Which mineral nutrients do plants need? o C. Which plants provide the most protein? o D. Which plant seeds are largest? Page 20 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 20 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 9 What is the role of cellular respiration in plants? o A. To absorb carbon dioxide o B. To release oxygen o C. To produce ATP* o D. To form glucose Page 21 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 21 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 10 Becky and Juan used a greenhouse as a model of a garden ecosystem to predict effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem. Describe two ways the greenhouse model may lead to unreliable predictions about the effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem. In your description, be sure to: • Describe two differences that make a garden ecosystem more complex than the greenhouse. • Describe how each difference could cause predictions about green pepper production in a garden ecosystem to be unreliable. One way: Another way: Page 22 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 22 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. The Birds and the Beaks Directions: Use the following information to answer questions 11 through 13 on page 23. Nikki and Jon were studying a type of bird called the Medium Ground Finch shown in the picture. These birds live on one of the Galapagos Islands called Daphne Major shown in the map. Medium Ground Finches have beaks adapted for eating small, soft seeds. Nikki and Jon learned that in 1977, a drought reduced the amount of small, soft seeds. The drought left mostly large, tough seeds that most Medium Ground Finches were unable to eat, and about 84% of the population died off. A year later the population of Medium Ground Finches had an average beak size bigger than the average beak size of the population before the drought. Page 23 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 23 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 11 What caused the increase in the average beak size of the finch population after the 1977 drought? o A. Finches’ beaks grew bigger because of the lack of water. o B. Finches with small beaks were able to grow bigger beaks. o C. Finches with bigger beaks were unable to leave the island. o D. Finches with bigger beaks were able to survive and reproduce. 12 Scientists must be careful that their activities in an ecosystem do not introduce any new organisms into that ecosystem. What might be an effect on the finch population of Daphne Major if a new bird species were brought to the island? o A. The finch population would decline due to reproduction. o B. The finch population would increase due to adaptation. o C. The finch population would decline due to competition. o D. The finch population would increase due to predation. 13 Before the drought, Daphne Major had 720 finches living on 80 acres of land. What was the population density of finches on Daphne Major? Write your answer in the box. ___________________________ finches per acre Page 24 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 24 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Blueberry Blues Directions: Use the following information to answer questions 14 through 17 on pages 26 through 27. José and Tasha noticed last year the blueberry plants in their neighborhood garden had many flowers, but produced only three kilograms of berries. They wanted to change the garden so the blueberry plants would produce more blueberries this summer. While making the changes to the garden, José and Tasha documented the stages of their design process as follows. Problem: Change the neighborhood garden so the existing blueberry plants will produce more blueberries. Research the Problem: Research what blueberry plants need to grow, be healthy, and produce berries. Needs of Blueberry Plants Mineral nutrients Nitrogen Amount of light At least 6 hours of full sunlight every day Amount of water Regular with moderate amount Type of pollinating insects Bees Needs of the pollinators Nectar, pollen, water, nesting place Explore Ideas: ✓ Add a layer of bark to the garden so the soil can hold more water. ✓ Water the plants at night so the water will evaporate more slowly. ✓ Add fertilizer to increase the mineral nutrients in the soil. ✓ Add flowers like lavender, roses, or pansies. ✓ Put a bee house near the plants. Plan Summary: Add a bee house and some lavender plants to the neighborhood garden to attract more bees to the blueberry plants. Page 25 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 25 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Steps to Do the Plan: 1. Put a bee house in the middle of the blueberry plants. 2. Plant lavender plants around the edge of the blueberry plants. 3. Water the garden every day. 4. Remove the weeds in the garden every week. Diagram of Solution: Test Solution: Measure and record the mass of all the blueberries harvested this year. Compare the mass of the blueberries this year to the mass of the blueberries last year. Test Results: Ten kilograms of blueberries were harvested, which is seven kilograms more than last year. Page 26 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 26 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 14 Why are the offspring of flowering plants genetically different from the parent plants? o A. Sexual reproduction produces offspring with new combinations of genes. o B. Sexual reproduction produces offspring with half the number of genes. o C. Asexual reproduction produces offspring with twice as many genes. o D. Asexual reproduction produces offspring with a variety of genes. 15 What part of the cell produces ATP for the blueberry plant to grow? o A. Mitochondrion o B. Cytoplasm o C. Ribosome o D. Nucleus 16 Blueberries contain sugars like glucose. What is the source of carbon for the glucose in blueberries? o A. Carbon atoms in fertilizer o B. Carbon dioxide gas in air o C. Carbon dissolved in water o D. Carbon molecules in the soil Page 27 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Student Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 27 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. 17 Jose and Tasha want to improve the soil in the garden by increasing the population of worms in the soil. Describe how to begin solving this problem. Be sure to describe the following stages in your design process: • Research the Problem: Describe any scientific information needed to solve the problem and how to collect that information. • Explore Ideas: Describe several possible solutions to the problem, including any useful scientific concepts. Problem: Increase the population of worms in the soil Research the Problem: Explore Ideas: Page 28 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 28 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Teacher Answer Pages The following pages provide: • An Answer Key Table for each scenario with: o Item Specification text o Item Specification code ▪ For example: LS2A(2) is the second item specification for content standard LS2A. o Correct answers for the multiple choice questions o Cognitive level of the questions, based on Webb’s Depth of Knowledge* • Rubrics for completion and short-answer items (student words are in italics) • Annotated (scored) student responses for each of the short-answer items (student words are in italics) * See Appendix A of the Test and Item Specification document for more information about cognitive levels. Stand Alone Items Answer Key Table Title: Stand Alone Items Grade: Biology EOC Description: Items not attached to a scenario Item Description Item Specification Text Item Specification Code System s In q u iry Ap p licatio n Stru ctures & Fu n ctio n s Eco system s Bio lo gical Evo lu tio n An swer Co gn itive Level 1 Determine whether a given system involves positive feedback or negative feedback. SYSA (2) C 2 2 Describe the cycle of nitrogen through ecosystems. LS2A (3) D 1 Page 29 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 29 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Foaming Spuds Scenario Answer Key Table Title: Foaming Spuds Grade: Biology EOC Description: An inquiry scenario of a controlled experiment in the context of life science Item Description Item Specification Text Item Specification Code System s In q u iry Ap p licatio n Stru ctures & Fu n ctio n s Eco system s Bio lo gical Evo lu tio n An swer Co gn itive Level 3 Describe how to increase the reliability of the results of an investigation. INQF (3) B 1 4 Generate a logical conclusion that is supported by evidence from the investigation and/or provide a scientific reason to explain the trend in data given a description of and the results from a scientific investigation. INQC (1) SA 3 5 Evaluate an investigation in terms of validity. INQF (1) D 2 6 Describe a plan to answer a given question for a controlled experiment. INQB (1) SA 3 Page 30 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 30 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for Item 4: Foaming Spuds Conclusion (Page 1 of 3) Performance Description Attributes A 2-point response demonstrates the student understands the Content Standard INQF: It is important to distinguish between the results of a particular investigation and general conclusions drawn from these results. Item Specification 1: Generate a logical conclusion that is supported by evidence from the investigation and/or provide a scientific reason to explain the trend in data given a description of and the results from a scientific investigation. Example: Potato juice at an acidity of pH 8 had the greatest volume of foam. The volume of foam produced at pH 6 was only 24 mL. When the pH was 9, the amount of foam was 30 mL. The lowest pH gave the smallest volume of foam. A low pH damages the enzyme. 4-5 A 1-point response demonstrates the student has partial understanding of the Content Standard. 2-3 A 0-point response demonstrates the student has little or no understanding of the Content Standard. 0–1 Acidity of Potato Juice vs. Volume of Foam Acidity of Potato Juice (pH) Volume of Foam (milliliters) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 6 22 25 25 24 7 32 38 36 35 8 41 42 42 42 9 32 29 30 30 Page 31 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 31 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for Item 4: Foaming Spuds Conclusion (Page 2 of 3) Attributes of a Conclusion Note: The italicized print is the part of the “Example” credited for the attribute. Description Attributes Conclusive statement correctly answers the experimental question (or correctly states whether the hypothesis/prediction was correct): Potato juice at an acidity of pH 8 had the greatest volume of foam. Attribute Notes: 1. A vague conclusive statement (e.g., the acidity did affect the volume of foam) cannot be credited for this attribute, but other attributes can be credited. 2. A response with an incorrect conclusive statement or no conclusive statement may not be credited any attributes. 3. A response with both a correct and an incorrect conclusive statement (e.g., foam increased as acidity increased and the lower the acidity the more foam) cannot be credited for this attribute but other attributes can be credited, if separate from any contradictory statements. 1 Supporting data should at least be over the entire range of the conditions investigated. Thus the minimum reported data are the lowest and highest conditions of the manipulated variable for quantitative data (responding variable when the manipulated variable information is descriptive). Supporting Data for pH 6: The volume of foam produced at pH 6 was only 24 mL.. 1 Supporting Data for pH 9: When the pH was 9, the amount of foam was 30 mL. 1 Explanatory language, separate from the conclusive statement, is used to connect or compare the supporting data to the conclusive statement: The lowest pH gave the smallest volume of foam. Attribute Notes: 1. This attribute can only be credited when at least one numeric value (or the text from a descriptive data table) for the manipulated or responding variable is included in the response. 2. A copy of the conclusive statement cannot be credited for explanatory language. However, a re-phrased credited conclusive statement can be credited. 3. Explanatory language comparing the range of the manipulated and/or responding variables may be credited (e.g., When the acidity was pH 6, the volume of foam was the lowest, 24 mL.). 4. If a response misquotes trend data between the highest and lowest conditions, this attribute cannot be credited (e.g., The acidity of pH 7 gave 34 mL foam). 5. Transitional words (e.g., however, therefore, because, so, then, clearly, but) cannot be credited as explanatory language even when added to a conclusive statement. 6. A compound sentence as a conclusive statement may be read as two separate sentences. 7. This point can only be credited if the results for pH 8 are included somewhere in the response. (E.g. A pH of 8 produced the greatest volume of foam.) 1 Page 32 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 32 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for Item 4: Foaming Spuds Conclusion (page 3 of 3) Attributes of a Conclusion Note: The italicized print is the part of the “Example” credited for the attribute. Description Attributes Scientific Explanation provides a plausible scientific reason that explains the trend seen in the data table in terms of established scientific knowledge. Examples: • A low pH damages the enzyme. • Enzymes are most active at a neutral pH. • Acids/bases denature enzymes. Writing Note: This attribute is only included when the scientific reason is expected knowledge for high school life science students based on the K-12 Science Learning Standards and directly connected to the effect on the dependent variable, as determined in Item Writing and/or Content Review. 1 Total Possible Attributes 5 General Notes: 1. Copying the Data Table: Responses copying the whole data table verbatim may not be credited the supporting data attribute even with a correct conclusive statement and explanatory language. a) For grades 4-5, a translation of the whole data table into sentences is acceptable. b) For grades 6-8 and high school, a discussion of the whole data table may be acceptable when the data table is minimal with a very small number of data cells. 2. Supporting Data: Responses must give the precise numerical values or precise descriptive language from the data table for both the manipulated and responding variables. a) Average data (if given) or data from the end of the investigation, must be included for grades 6-8 and high school. b) For grades 4-5, consistent trial data, or data before the completion of the investigation when measuring a responding variable over time, can be credited. c) Rounded numerical values cannot be credited (e.g., about 20 mL cannot be credited for 24 mL). However, a zero after a decimal point may be omitted (e.g., 30 can be credited for 30.0). d) Units are not necessary for credit (e.g., 30 can be credited for 30 mL). e) Minor language differences in descriptive data may be acceptable as decided in range finding (e.g., NA). f) For grades 4-5, the manipulated variable may be implied. 3. Derived Data: Responses giving their own derived data between conditions can be credited for supporting data and explanatory language (e.g. Increasing the pH by 3 caused the volume of foam to increase by 6 mL.) a) When the derived data uses the lowest and/or highest conditions, one or both supporting data attributes can be credited. b) Minor arithmetic errors in derived values can be acceptable as decided in range finding (e.g., NA). 4. Responses including a misconception about the relationship between pH and acidity may be credited (e.g. higher pH is more acidic). Page 33 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 33 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 2-point response for Item 4 4 Write a conclusion for this controlled experiment. In your conclusion, be sure to: • Answer the experimental question. • Include supporting data from the Acidity of Potato Juice vs. Volume of Foam table. • Explain how these data support your conclusion. • Provide a scientific explanation for the trend in the data. Question: What is the effect of the acidity of potato juice on the volume of foam produced when hydrogen peroxide is added to potato juice? In this investigation, the prediction that if the acidity of potato juice is decreased then the volume of foam was increased was proven incorrect. Catalase is damaged by acid. The lowest foam volume was 24 ml with the highest acidity, pH6, However the highest foam volume was an average of 42 ml with the second lowest acidity level,pH8 The third highest volume was 35 ml with the second highest acidity level pH7, and the second lowest foam volume was 30 ml with the lowest acidity level pH9 Annotations Attributes Conclusive statement: …the prediction …was incorrect. 1 Supporting data for pH 6: … the lowest foam volume was 24mL with the highest acidity, pH 6 ... 1 Supporting data for pH 9: … foam volume was 30mL … pH 9 1 Explanatory language: … the highest foam volume was an average of 42mL with the second lowest acidity level 1 Scientific explanation: Catalase is damaged by acid 1 Total Attributes & Score Points 5 2 Page 34 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 34 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 1-point response for Item 4 4 Write a conclusion for this controlled experiment. In your conclusion, be sure to: • Answer the experimental question. • Include supporting data from the Acidity of Potato Juice vs. Volume of Foam table. • Explain how these data support your conclusion. • Provide a scientific explanation for the trend in the data. Question: What is the effect of the acidity of potato juice on the volume of foam produced when hydrogen peroxide is added to potato juice? In conclusion the acidity of potatoe juice does affect the volume of foam produced. When there is more potatoe juice the volume of foam increases, but at one point the volume of the potatoe jucie starts to decline once again. A beaker with 6pH of potatoe juice had a avg of only 24 foam volume. and the one with 9pH had a volume of 30. The one with 8pH had a volume of 42. Annotations Attributes Conclusive statement: …the acidity of potatoe juice does affect the volume of foam produced. Vague 0 Supporting data for pH 6: …6 pH … 24 foam volume. 1 Supporting data for pH 9: …9 pH … 30. 1 Explanatory language: … 6pH of potatoe juice had a avg of only 24 foam volume Note: credited because of reference to 8 pH 1 Scientific explanation: None 0 Total Attributes & Score Points 3 1 Page 35 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 35 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 1-point response for Item 4 4 Write a conclusion for this controlled experiment. In your conclusion, be sure to: • Answer the experimental question. • Include supporting data from the Acidity of Potato Juice vs. Volume of Foam table. • Explain how these data support your conclusion. • Provide a scientific explanation for the trend in the data. Question: What is the effect of the acidity of potato juice on the volume of foam produced when hydrogen peroxide is added to potato juice? Ph8 has the most foam at 42. The more Ph does not mean the more foam, but the least Ph does mean the least foam. When the Ph got to 8 it went down again at ph9. Ph7 is higher that Ph9. Ph9 is higher that Ph6. Ph8 caused the most foam than any other. Annotations Attributes Conclusive statement: Ph 8 has the most foam at 42. 1 Supporting data for pH 6: None 0 Supporting data for pH 9: None 0 Explanatory language: …the least Ph does mean the least foam 1 Scientific explanation: None 0 Total Attributes & Score Points 2 1 Page 36 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 36 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 0-point response for Item 4 4 Write a conclusion for this controlled experiment. In your conclusion, be sure to: • Answer the experimental question. • Include supporting data from the Acidity of Potato Juice vs. Volume of Foam table. • Explain how these data support your conclusion. • Provide a scientific explanation for the trend in the data. Question: What is the effect of the acidity of potato juice on the volume of foam produced when hydrogen peroxide is added to potato juice? Acidy of potato juice’s effect on foam produced by adding hydrogen peroxide is it how quickly the 2H2O2 converts into oxygen and water. The higher the pH, the less amount of bubbles (which means a slower reaction time). Acidity of 9 was 30 mL. Annotations Attributes Conclusive statement: The higher the pH, the less amount of bubbles... Incorrect conclusive statement 0 Supporting data for pH 6: None 0 Supporting data for pH 9: Conclusive statement attribute note 2: A response with an incorrect conclusive statement or no conclusive statement may not be credited any attributes. 0 Explanatory language: None 0 Scientific explanation: None 0 Total Attributes & Score Points 0 0 Page 37 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 37 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for Item 6: Foaming Spuds New Procedure (Page 1 of 2) Performance Description Attributes A 2-point response demonstrates the student understands the Content Standard INQB: Scientific progress requires the use of various methods appropriate for answering different kinds of research question, a thoughtful plan for gathering data needed to answer the question, and care in collecting, analyzing, and displaying data. Item Specification 1: Describe a plan to answer a given question for a controlled experiment. 6–7 A 1-point response demonstrates the student has partial understanding of the Content Standard. 3–5 A 0-point response demonstrates the student has little or no understanding of the Content Standard. 0–2 Attributes of a Procedure Procedure Attributes Description of Attribute Attributes Controlled Variables At least two controlled variable are identified or implied in the procedure or the materials list (e.g., volume of potato juice, volume of hydrogen peroxide, pH). 1 Manipulated Variable Only one manipulated variable (temperature of potato juice) is identified or implied in the procedure or data table (if given). The manipulated variable must have at least three conditions to be credited 1 Responding Variable The responding variable (time for bubbling to stop) is identified or implied in the procedure or data table (if given). 1 Record Measurements The procedure states or implies measurements are recorded periodically or gives a data table. Attribute Notes: 1. If artificial data for the responding variable is given, this attribute cannot be credited. 2. The phrase take measurement cannot be used to mean record. 1 Trials are Repeated More than one trial for all conditions is planned, or implied in a data table, to measure the responding variable. 1 Extra Validity Measure The procedure includes a validity measure not included in the scenario experiment (e.g., more controlled variables, better measuring technique, increased range of conditions, control for sample bias). 1 Logical Steps The steps of the procedure are detailed enough to repeat the procedure effectively (examples of illogical steps: no ending time indicated; states Set up as diagrammed, but diagram is inadequate; recording vague data or results). 1 Total Possible Attributes 7 Page 38 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 38 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for Item 6: Foaming Spuds New Procedure (Page 2 of 2) General Notes: 1. Inappropriate Procedures: If the response does not plan an appropriate procedure for the given question, the response may not earn any of the possible procedure attributes. Examples: a) Repeats the procedure from the scenario b) Measures only one condition (therefore cannot establish the controlled or manipulated variables) c) Purposefully changes more than one variable simultaneously d) Writes a procedure that is too vague to possibly be appropriate e) Writes a prediction instead of a procedure 2. Naming Attributes: If the response names a bulleted attribute listed after “Procedure that includes:” without including that attribute in the procedure, the attribute cannot be credited. When a bulleted attribute is named and implied in the response, both must be correct to be credited. 3. Clarifying Vagueness in Procedures: a) Vague materials or processes used in the procedure (e.g. add 1 mL) may be credited if the vagueness is clarified in a materials list (e.g. 1 mL, 2 mL, and 3 mL of solution) if given. b) Measuring a vague parameter (e.g. the bubbling instead of time of bubbling) may be credited as a manipulated or responding variable. However, a vague parameter is difficult to repeatedly measure, so the logical steps attribute cannot be credited. c) The term “repeat” at the end of a step refers to that step only. d) The term “repeat” as a separate step (or in a new paragraph) refers to the whole procedure. e) The term “repeat,” when qualified, cannot be credited for multiple trials (e.g. repeat if necessary, repeat as desired). f) A vague action that calls for the manipulated variable to be changed (e.g. increase the temperature by 5˚ C) without indicating how many times, gives no end to the investigation so the logical steps attribute cannot be credited. g) At high school, a vague action that calls for the manipulated variable to be changed without indicating how many times cannot be credited for more than two conditions of the manipulated variable h) When a procedure conflicts with a given labeled diagram, the procedure is too illogical to be effectively repeated. Therefore, the logical steps attribute cannot be credited, but the procedure can be scored for attributes that are not in conflict. Page 39 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 39 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 2-point response to Item 6 6 Plan a controlled experiment to answer the question in the box. You may use any materials and equipment in your procedure. Be sure your procedure includes: • logical steps to do the experiment • two controlled (kept the same) variables • one manipulated (independent) variable • one responding (dependent) variable • how often measurements should be taken and recorded Question: What is the effect of the temperature of potato juice on the time for bubbling to stop after hydrogen peroxide is added? Procedure: 1. Set up the graduated cylinders and put 10 millileters of room temperature potato juice into beaker A. 2. Monitor the room temperature to make sure it stays the same throughout the experiment. 3. Add 5 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide to the cylinder, stir for two seconds, start timer. 4. Measure and record the time the mixture is bubbling. 5. Repeat steps 1-4 three more times only heat the potato juice to 72°F (label B) 82°F (label C) and 92°F (label D). Use the same thermometer for all temperatures 6. Clean all graduated cylinders. 7. Repeat steps 1-6 two times for Trials 2 and 3 to verify results 8. Calculate and record the average time the mixture bubbled for each temperature of potato juice. Attribute Name Credit Annotation Controlled Variables 1 Step 1. ...put 10 milliliters of potato juice... Step 3. Add 5 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide... Manipulated Variable 1 Four conditions: Step 1. ... room temperature potato juice... Step 5. 72oF...82oF...92oF Responding Variable 1 Step 4. Measure ... the time the mixture is bubbling. Record Measurements 1 Step 4. ... record the time the mixture is bubbling. Trials are Repeated 1 Step 7 Repeat steps 1-6 two times for Trials 2 and 3 Extra Validity Measure 1 Step 5. … Use the same thermometer for all temperatures Logical Steps 1 The steps of the procedure are detailed enough to repeat the procedure effectively. Total Attributes 7 2 Score Points Page 40 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 40 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 1-point response to Item 6 6 Plan a controlled experiment to answer the question in the box. You may use any materials and equipment in your procedure. Be sure your procedure includes: • logical steps to do the experiment • two controlled (kept the same) variables • one manipulated (independent) variable • one responding (dependent) variable • how often measurements should be taken and recorded Question: What is the effect of the temperature of potato juice on the time for bubbling to stop after hydrogen peroxide is added? Procedure: 1)First put one drop of hydrogen peroxide on the potato juice that is room temp. Do this three times. and time how long it bubbles. Then get and average 2)Place one drop of hydrogen peroxide on potato juice that was kept in the refrigerater. Time how long it bubbles. 3)Repeat step 2 three times and get an adverage 4) Place one drop of hydrogen peroxide on potato juice that was put in the microwave for 30 seconds. Time how long it bubbles. 5) Repeat step 4 three times and get an average. 6)Compare the manipulated variable tests (hot and cold reactions) to the Room temp. reaction Attribute Name Credit Annotation Controlled Variables 0 Steps 1, 2, 4. ...one drop of hydrogen peroxide... Only one controlled variable Manipulated Variable 1 Three conditions: Step 1: ... potato juice that is room temp... Step 2: ... potato juice that was kept in the refrigerater... Step 3: ...potato juice that was put in the microwave for 30 seconds. Responding Variable 1 Step 2. ...time how long it (potato juice) bubbles. Record Measurements 0 None Trials are Repeated 1 Step 1. Do this three times... Step 3. Repeat step 2 three times... Step 5. Repeat step 4 three times... Extra Validity Measure 0 None Logical Steps 1 The steps of the procedure are detailed enough to repeat the procedure effectively. Total Attributes 4 1 Score Points Page 41 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 41 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 1-point response to Item 6 6 Plan a controlled experiment to answer the question in the box. You may use any materials and equipment in your procedure. Be sure your procedure includes: • logical steps to do the experiment • two controlled (kept the same) variables • one manipulated (independent) variable • one responding (dependent) variable • how often measurements should be taken and recorded Question: What is the effect of the temperature of potato juice on the time for bubbling to stop after hydrogen peroxide is added? Procedure: 1.Take 3 cylinders. 2.Pour the same amount of potatoe juice in each one Making one be 34°F, one room temperature, and the last 89°F. 3 Add the same amount of Hydrogen Peroxide to each cylinder 4 Measure the bubble data Attribute Name Credit Annotation Controlled Variables 1 Step 1. ...same amount of potatoe juice Step 3. ...same amount of hydrogen peroxide... Manipulated Variable 1 Three conditions: Step 2. …34°F... room temperature...89°F. Responding Variable 1 Step 4: Measure the bubble data Vague Record Measurements 0 None Trials are Repeated 0 Trials are not repeated Extra Validity Measure 0 None Logical Steps 0 General note 3b: Measuring a vague parameter (measure the bubble data) may be credited as a manipulated or responding variable. However, a vague parameter is difficult to repeatedly measure, so the logical steps attribute cannot be credited. Total Attributes 3 1 Score Points Page 42 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 42 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 0-point response to Item 6 6 Plan a controlled experiment to answer the question in the box. You may use any materials and equipment in your procedure. Be sure your procedure includes: • logical steps to do the experiment • two controlled (kept the same) variables • one manipulated (independent) variable • one responding (dependent) variable • how often measurements should be taken and recorded Question: What is the effect of the temperature of potato juice on the time for bubbling to stop after hydrogen peroxide is added? Procedure: 1.heat one beaker on the hot plate for 20 seconds with the potato juice in it. 2.pour H2O2 in the beaker. stir 3. record the bubbles 4.repeat step 2 on unheated potato juice Attribute Name Credit Annotation Controlled Variables 0 None Manipulated Variable 0 Only two conditions: Step 1 heat…for 20 seconds... Step 4 ...unheated Responding Variable 1 Step 4: Record the bubbles Vague Record Measurements 1 Step 4: Record the bubbles Trials are Repeated 0 Trials are not repeated Extra Validity Measure 0 None Logical Steps 0 General note 3b: Measuring a vague parameter (record the bubbles) may be credited as a manipulated or responding variable. However, a vague parameter is difficult to repeatedly measure, so the logical steps attribute cannot be credited. Total Attributes 2 0 Score Points Page 43 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 43 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Green Machine Scenario Answer Key Table Title: Green Machine Grade: Biology EOC Description: A systems scenario in the context of life science Item Description Item Specification Text Item Specification Code System s In q u iry Ap p licatio n Stru ctures & Fu n ctio n s Eco system s Bio lo gical Evo lu tio n An swer Co gn itive Level 7 Describe the relationships among DNA, chromosomes, genes, amino acids, proteins, and/or traits. LS1E (3) A 1 8 Identify a question that scientists may investigate that is stimulated by the needs of society (e.g., medical research, global climate change). APPA (2) B 2 9 Describe cellular respiration as the process cells use to change the energy of glucose into energy in the form of ATP and/or the process that provides the energy source for most living organisms. LS1B (1) C 1 10 Predict the possible consequences of a change in a given complex system and/or describe why a simplified model may not be able to reliably predict those consequences. SYSC (2) SA 3 Page 44 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 44 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for Item 10: Green Machine Model Performance Description A 2-point response demonstrates the student understands the Content Standard SYSC: In complex systems, entirely new and unpredictable properties may emerge. Consequently, modeling a complex system in sufficient detail to make reliable predictions may not be possible. Item specification 1: Describe the inadequacies of the model, given a model of a complex system that is lacking sufficient detail to make reliable predictions about that system. The response describes two ways the greenhouse model may lead to unreliable predictions about the effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem by: Describing two differences that make a garden ecosystem more complex than the greenhouse. AND Describing how each difference could cause predictions about green pepper production in a garden ecosystem to be unreliable. Examples: Ways the garden ecosystem is more complex: How each difference causes predictions to be unreliable: There are other plants in the garden Other plants may attract more bees Temperature/humidity/rainfall is much more varied in the garden Would not be able tell whether differences in production were due to light or changes in the weather Many more interactions between animals/ other organisms in the garden Animals ( deer, rabbits, raccoons, birds) damage or fertilize plants causing differences in pepper production A 1-point response demonstrates the student has partial understanding of the Content Standard. The response describes one way results from the greenhouse may lead to unreliable predictions about the effect of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem by describing one difference that makes a garden more complex than the greenhouse and describing how that difference could cause predictions about green pepper production in a garden ecosystem to be unreliable. A 0-point response demonstrates the student has little or no understanding of the Content Standard. General Notes: 1. Responses that describe two differences and give the same description of how those differences could affect reliability of predictions may be credited two score points (e.g., There would be wind in the garden that could cause pollination and Insects in the garden could pollinate as they move among the plants) Page 45 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 45 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 2-point response to Item 10 10 Becky and Juan used a greenhouse as a model of a garden ecosystem to predict the effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem. Describe two ways the greenhouse model may lead to unreliable predictions about the effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem. In your description, be sure to: • Describe two differences that make a garden ecosystem more complex than the greenhouse. • Describe how each of the differences could cause the predictions about green pepper production in a garden ecosystem to be unreliable. One way: The weather in a greenhouse is stable, there is no rain or snow in a greenhouse. Weather conditions, such as snow can kill pepper plants and affect green pepper production Another way: Other animals such as birds or deer are not in a greenhouse. The absence of consumers can increase the production of green peppers and make observations unreliable. Annotations Score Points One way the garden ecosystem is more complex: The weather in a green house is stable, there is no rain or snow in a greenhouse. How this causes unreliable predictions: Weather conditions, such as snow, can kill pepper plants and affect green pepper production. 2 Another way the garden ecosystem is more complex: Other animals such as birds or deer are not in a greenhouse. How this causes unreliable predictions: The absence of consumers can increase the production of green peppers and make observations unreliable. Page 46 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 46 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 1-point response to Item 10 10 Becky and Juan used a greenhouse as a model of a garden ecosystem to predict the effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem. Describe two ways the greenhouse model may lead to unreliable predictions about the effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem. In your description, be sure to: • Describe two differences that make a garden ecosystem more complex than the greenhouse. • Describe how each of the differences could cause the predictions about green pepper production in a garden ecosystem to be unreliable. One way: A greenhouse tends to be warmer than a garden so they could predict a certain weather type that might be different than were they live Another way: In the greenhouse the pepper plants grow all they want and they don’t have to worry about consumers so there might be more in the greenhouse than in the actual garden Annotations Score Points One way the garden ecosystem is more complex: A greenhouse tends to be warmer... How this causes unreliable predictions: None 1 Another way the garden ecosystem is more complex: In the greenhouse...don’t have to worry about consumers.... How this causes unreliable predictions: ...might be more (peppers) in the greenhouse... Page 47 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 47 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 0-point response to Item 10 10 Becky and Juan used a greenhouse as a model of a garden ecosystem to predict the effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem. Describe two ways the greenhouse model may lead to unreliable predictions about the effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a garden ecosystem. In your description, be sure to: • Describe two differences that make a garden ecosystem more complex than the greenhouse. • Describe how each of the differences could cause the predictions about green pepper production in a garden ecosystem to be unreliable. One way: There are hidden factors in a real garden. There may be hidden things in the dirt that contribute to the garden that a green house doesn’t have. Another way: In the garden there are constant weather/temperature changes Annotations Score Points One way forest ecosystem is more complex: There are hidden factors in a real garden. Vague How this causes unreliable predictions: None 0 Another way forest ecosystem is more complex: In the garden there are constant weather/temperature changes. How this causes unreliable predictions: None Page 48 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 48 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Birds and Beaks Scenario Answer Key Table Title: Birds and Beaks Grade: Biology EOC Description: A systems scenario in the context of life science Item Description Item Specification Text Item Specification Code System s In q u iry Ap p licatio n Stru ctures & Fu n ctio n s Eco system s Bio lo gical Evo lu tio n An swer Co gn itive Level 11 Describe that some traits will improve an individual’s survival rates and subsequent reproduction in environments with a finite supply of resources. LS3A (2) D 2 12 Explain how a change to a factor (e.g., matter, energy, space, predatory, or competing organisms) would limit the population of a species LS2C (2) C 2 13 Calculate population density given an area and the number of a given organism within the area. LS2B (3) CP 2 Page 49 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 49 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for Item 13: Birds & Beaks Population Density Performance Description A 1-point response demonstrates the student understands the Content Standard LS2B: Living organisms have the capacity to produce very large populations. Population density is the number of individuals of a particular population living in a given amount of space. Item specification 3: Calculate population density given an area and the number of a given organism within the area. The response describes the population density of finches on Daphne Major by stating one of the following: • 9 • Nine • 720/80 A 0-point response demonstrates the student has little or no understanding of the Content Standard. General Notes: 1. None Page 50 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 50 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Blueberry Blues Scenario Answer Key Table Title: Blueberry Blues Grade: Biology EOC Description: An application scenario in the context of life science Item Description Item Specification Text Item Specification Code System s In q u iry Ap p licatio n Stru ctures & Fu n ctio n s Eco system s Bio lo gical Evo lu tio n An swer Co gn itive Level 14 Describe the relationship between the unique combination of genetic information in an egg or sperm cell and the differing characteristics in offspring from a single set of parents. LS1I (3) A 1 15 Describe the essential function(s) of structures within cells (i.e., cellular membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chromosome, chloroplast, mitochondrion, ribosome, cytoplasm). LS1C (1) A 1 16 Describe the cycle of carbon through ecosystems (e.g., carbon dioxide in air becomes large carbon-containing molecules in the tissues of plants through photosynthesis, these molecules can be cycled to animals that consume the plants, then returned as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere through cellular respiration, combustion, and decomposition). LS2A (1) B 2 17 Given a description of a problem that can be solved using a technological design process, describe research that would facilitate a solution to the problem and/or generate several possible solutions. APPB (2) SA 3 Page 51 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 51 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for Item 17: Blueberry Blues New Research & Explore (page 1 of 2) Performance Description Attributes A 2-point response demonstrates the student understands the Content Standard APPB: The technological design process begins by defining a problem in terms of criteria and constraints, conducting research, and generating several different solutions. Item Specification 2: Describe research that would facilitate a solution to the problem and/or generate several possible solutions given a description of a problem that can be solved using a technological design process. 4 A 1-point response demonstrates the student has partial understanding of the Content Standard. 2–3 A 0-point response demonstrates the student has little or no understanding of the Content Standard. 0–1 Attributes of a Scientific Design Process Design Process Stage Description Attributes Research the Problem Information needed to solve the problem is described or pertinent questions are given (e.g., what type of soil do worms survive in, how much water do worms need, find out how long worms live). Stage Notes: 1. Listing objects given in the prompt or scenario cannot be credited. 2. Repeating an appropriate process from the scenario can be credited. 1 Scientific Research Related scientific information (e.g., predators/diseases of worms, nutritional needs of worms) OR how to scientifically collect related data is described (e.g., ask a biologist about the life cycle of worms, test the survival rate of worms in different temperature soils). Stage Notes: 1. Scientific information involves relevant general scientific concepts (e.g., predators, diseases, environmental needs of different worm species) OR Related information gathered from appropriate sources of scientific information. (e.g., ask a master gardener about the types of soil that support large worm populations) 2. Scientific collecting of data involves systematically collecting pertinent data over a period of time or a number of conditions. 3. This attribute may be credited even when the information being gathered is too vague to credit the “Research the Problem” attribute. 1 Page 52 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 52 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Scoring Rubric for: Blueberry Blues New Research & Explore (page 2 of 2) Attributes of a Scientific Design Process Design Process Stage Description Attributes Explore Ideas More than one idea that could solve the problem is described (e.g. add compost, keep the soil moist, put mulch on top of the soil, bring in young worms). Stage Notes: 1. Listing objects may not be credited. 2. Ideas may involve materials not given. 3. A sentence should be read as one idea (e.g., Use a container with soil and gravel is one idea, not two or three). Run-on sentences may be read as more than one idea. Sentences containing the term “or” may be read as more than one idea (e.g., Use a metal, plastic, or glass container are three ideas). 1 Explore Scientific Ideas An idea includes scientific concept(s) for considering the idea (e.g., add dark mulch on top of the soil to increase the temperature and hold in moisture). Stage Note: This attribute may be credited even when only one idea is given. 1 Total Possible Attributes 4 General Notes: 1. Copying the Scenario: Responses that copy the whole scenario cannot be credited for any attributes. However, responses that appropriately copy a stage from the scenario may be credited. Page 53 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 53 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 2-point response to Item 17 17 Jose and Tasha want to improve the soil in the garden by increasing the population of worms in the soil. Describe how to begin solving this problem. Be sure to describe the following stages in your design process: • Research the Problem: Describe any scientific information needed to solve the problem and how to collect that information. • Explore Ideas: Describe several possible solutions to the problem, including any useful scientific concepts. Problem: Increase the population of worms in the soil Research the Problem: What kind of worms are in the soil? Collect worms and ask science teacher what nutrients they need. What is the best temperature? How much water is good for worms? Google worm environment Explore Ideas: Cover with black plastic to increase temperature. Count worms before and after putting down plastic Add compost to the soil as food for worms Attribute Name Credit Annotations Research the Problem 1 What kind of worms are in the soil? What is the best temperature? How much water is good for worms Scientific Research 1 ... ask science teacher what nutrients they (worms) need Explore Ideas 1 Cover with black plastic ... Add compost to the soil as food for worms Explore Scientific Ideas 1 Cover with black plastic to increase temperature. Total Attributes 4 2 Score Points Page 54 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 54 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 1-point response to Item 17 17 Jose and Tasha want to improve the soil in the garden by increasing the population of worms in the soil. Describe how to begin solving this problem. Be sure to describe the following stages in your design process: • Research the Problem: Describe any scientific information needed to solve the problem and how to collect that information. • Explore Ideas: Describe several possible solutions to the problem, including any useful scientific concepts. Problem: Increase the population of worms in the soil Research the Problem: Find out what worms like to eat. They might like a certain amount of water or live in warmth better than cold. I would go to a garden store and ask a master garderer. There are books or google the information Explore Ideas: Make sure the soil is wet enough for worms. I might also have to add sand to the soil Attribute Name Credit Annotations Research the Problem 1 Find out what worms like to eat. They might like a certain amount of water or live in warmth better than cold Scientific Research 0 ... ask a master garderer. There are books or google the information Vague Explore Ideas 1 Make sure the soil is wet enough for worms. ...add sand to the soil Explore Scientific Ideas 0 None Total Attributes 2 1 Score Points Page 55 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 55 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Annotated example of a 0-point response to Item 17 17 Jose and Tasha want to improve the soil in the garden by increasing the population of worms in the soil. Describe how to begin solving this problem. Be sure to describe the following stages in your design process: • Research the Problem: Describe any scientific information needed to solve the problem and how to collect that information. • Explore Ideas: Describe several possible solutions to the problem, including any useful scientific concepts. Problem: Increase the population of worms in the soil Research the Problem: Find out where to buy worms Explore Ideas: Dump worms on the soil Attribute Name Credit Annotations Research the Problem 1 Find out where to buy worms Scientific Research 0 None Explore Ideas 0 Only one idea: Dump worms on the soil Explore Scientific Ideas 0 None Total Attributes 1 0 Score Points Page 56 Updates 2012 Biology EOC—Teacher Updates for 2012, Biology EOC Page 56 Copyright © October 2011 All rights reserved. Educational institutions within the State of Washington have permission to reproduce this document. All other individuals wishing to reproduce this document must contact OSPI. Get involved and keep informed: SALT (Science Assessment Leadership Team) Science educators in Washington are invited to participate on the Science Assessment Leadership Team to provide content and grade-level expertise throughout the process of developing state tests. To get more information and to join the team, please fill out the application located on our website: http://www.k12.wa.us/Science/ProfDevelopment.aspx PEPPER (PreSALTers Enthusiastically Providing Powerful Educational Resources) Washington educators who want to receive periodic science assessment information and updates, and notifications about meeting and workshop opportunities are invited to join the PEPPERs email distribution list. To join, please send a request to science@k12.wa.us. Resources/Contact Information Science Assessment Webpage: http://www.k12.wa.us/science/ OSPI Moodle Server: http://moodle.ospi.k12.wa.us/ Contact Information: Elementary Kara Monroe OSPI Science Assessment Specialist kara.monroe@k12.wa.us (360) 725-4979 Secondary Linda Smith OSPI Science Assessment Specialist linda.cabesmith@k12.wa.us (360) 725-4989

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