DECKS

Transcript

DECKS Page 1 DECKS TABLE OF CONTENTS All information in this handout pertains to 1 and 2 family residential decks. The Town of Plainviile is offering this informational handout as representative of typical issues/questions that may arise on a typical job. The Town assumes no responsibility for any errors, omissions and the installer is required to follow applicable codes. intended to. No handout could possibly cover all situations, nor is it Please refer to the 2005 Connecticut State Building Code with the 2005 Amendments (12/31/05) for complete details. Section 1: Informational Section . - Minimum Required information for Your Deck Submission Deck Information Hardwarell-'astener — minimum standards Section 2: FormslApplications for a Deck O Building Permit Application Health Department Approval — if you’re on a septic or well — approval prior to issuance of the building permit Zoning Approval (Compliance) Copy of Contractor’s License Proof of Worker’s Comp Insurance or Waiver Form Section 3: For Reference: Code and Commentary Section 4: Deck Details, Span Tables, Ledger Attachment, etc. Ledger Attachment (informational purposes only) Deck Details, Stairs, etc. Joist Span and Beam Chart Prohibited Ledger Attachments Plan and Elevation Views PAGE -1 Page 2 -MA Pcgtl Submit deck plans that show the following: 1. Indicate existing condition and material that ledger board will be attached to (is it concrete, hickory beam, 21: rim or 1-1/4 rim, etc.). 2. Intended use and loading (40 lbs LL/IODL). 3. Plan view of deck, house and pier/post locations. 4. Joist spans, size, species, grade, and pressure treatment. 5. Ledger to house band joist connection -— include ledger material and thickness, flashing detail and material — include fasteners, type, size and number or spacing. 6. Deck joists to ledger M include fasteners, type, etc. 7. Deck joists to girder/beam connection - include fasteners, type, size and number or spacing. 8. Built-up girder/beam connection — include fasteners, type, size and number or ~ spacing; ' ' 9. Girder/beam to posts connection — include fasteners, type, size and number or spacing. 10. Posts to pier connection a include fasteners, type, size and number or spacing. I 1. Provide type of protection of fasteners and connectors against corrosion (ASTM A153, 316 stainless, etc.). 12. Guardrail and stair handrail details showing spacing of pickets and sizes of openings. Connections between top rail and posts shall be specified. For plastic, vinyl or wood-plastic composite railing systems, a copy of the ICC-ES Evaluation Report for the specific product to be used — available from the manufacturer or at WWW.icc-es.org/Evaluation reports/indexshtml — should be included as part of the deck plan subrnittal. 13. Connection detail of rail post to deck support structure for both wood and plastic railing systems that utilize a sleeve, which slides over a solid-sawn 4” X 4” post. (Note: some Evaluation Reports rely on a professional to design the guardrail post to deck connection in accordance with state law, regulations and local codes). 14. Stair details showing n'ser heights tread Widths, openings between treads, illumination and graspable handrail, that retmns top and bottom. 15. Post size, species or species group and grade, and preservative pressure treatment type and retention. 16. Footing size and depth to bottom of footer. 17. Detail of the lateral bracing system if the deck construction does not provide adequate support against lateral loads. (Note: the IRC does not give values for lateral loads for decks, so the designer must address the issue based on assumed loads and analysis, experience and judgment). PAGE — 2 Page 3 DECK INFORNIATION 5/2/05 IMPORTANT NOTES: 1. If you plan to install a hot tub, spa, pool, screen room, sunroom or future addition on proposed deck, this handout does not apply. 2. lfproposed deck is in area of electric or gas service, oil fill and Vent or other utilities, additional requirements apply and are outside the scope of this handout. Contact Building Department for additional information as needed. 3. If any direct vent exhaust is located in area of proposed deck, then additional requirements apply. Refer to manufacturer’s installation instructions of equipment for required clearances. Wood must be pressure treated or naturally decay resistant. . Fasteners must be compatible with wood used. See attached handout on fastener requirements. 6. Piers are required to be 42” deep for frost protection. Piers are to be designed to carry all loads. Posts must be of sufficient size to support loads and positively attached to piers. Beams must be positively attached to posts with gussets or hardware designed for this purpose. 9. All splices in beams must be supported by posts. No mid—span splices. Beams required to have minimum 1-1/2” bearing on wood and 3” on concrete. 10. J oists shall be supported by properly sized hanger, or minimum 2” X 2” ledger stnp. ll. Ifdeck is greater than 5’ high, depending on size and structural details, diagonal bracing may be required at posts. 12. Freestanding decks need not have frost-protected footings. 13. If deck is fieestanding, then diagonal bracing will be required. 14. Flashing material example:_ Copper with plastic laminate on deck side. Provide a specific product name. 15. Be sure to use the proper fastening hardware per Manufacturer’s Specifications; and Code Requirements. ' 16. Install decking material and guardrail systems per Manufacturer’s Specifications. 17. Provide a minimum 2" space from the chimney to framing/deck material. 18. For further “deck details,” please go to www.fairfaxcounW.gov/decks/ 19. The owner/contractor is responsible to call the building department to arrange for the following mandatory inspections: A. Pier holes prior to placing concrete. B. Framing prior to placement of deck. C. A final inspection for a Certificate of Compliance we PAGE ~ 3 Page 4 2/2/06 IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING DECKS AND HARDWARE Connecticut State Building Code Section R3192 amends the 2003 International Residential Code regarding fasteners allowed to be used on pressure preservative and fire retardant wood as follows: (Amd) R3193 Fasteners and weight bearing connecting devices used for pressure preservative and fire-retardant treated wood shall be of -stainless steel, silicon bronze, copper, G185 galvanized steel, or shall be hot-dipped after fabrication. Exception: one- half inch diameter or greater steel bolts in normally dry locations. It is very important that when you purchase hardware, including lag screws, washers, joist hangers, screws and all other fasteners in contact with pressure treated wood, it must meet these standards, or excessive corrosion will result. In addition, aluminum flashing cannot come in contact with preservative treated wood unless it is coated with a material to prevent contact with lumber. Do not use old hardware on new preservative treated lumber either. There is a wealth of information available on the intemet if you wish to further research this issue. As an example: If purchasing Simpson hardware for a 2” X 8” joist hanger, their designation of LUS 28 would not be acceptable, but would have to be stamped with LUSZSZ. The “Z” designation shows G185 standard is met and “HDG” designation shows hot dipped galvanized standard is met. Of course, you may also use the other materials including stainless steel, copper or silicon bronze, but this material is typically more expensive. PAGE —4 Page 5 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. CC-KS 2/2/06 CODE AND COMl\/[ENTARY FOR DECKS Piers/footings to be a rninirnurn 42” (Amend R301.2. 1.1) below finished grade and (R403.1.4.1) 400 sq. ft. exception (see attached). Stair stringers to be frost protected if deck is attached to house. Landings at exterior doors (R31l.4.3) (see attached). Landings for stairways (2311.54). Stairway walking surface (R31l.5.5). Minimum 36” width stairway (R31 1.5.1) (see attached). Maximum rise for a stair is 8—1/4” (R311.5.3.1) (see attached). Minimum tread (nosing to nosing) is 9” (R311.5.3.2) (see attached). A 4” sphere cannot pass through an open riser (R311.5.3.3) (see attached). A handrail shall be provided for stairs with four (4) or more continuous risers (R31 1.5.6) (see attached). . Maximum height of handrail is 38”, rninimurn height is 34” (R311.5.6.2) (see attached). The handrail shall be of a graspable type (R3l1.5.6.3) (see attached). If the deck is more than 30“ above finished grade or a floor, then it shall have guardrails a rninirnurn of 36" high (R312.1)(see attached). A 4" sphere cannot pass through any part of the above-mentioned guardrail (312.2) (see attached). The ledger board (if attached to house) is to be connected per code and the manufacturer's installation specifications (engineered rirn)(R502.2. 1) (see attached). Cantilever’s - see attached Table R502.3.3(2). Stairway illumination (R3036) (see attached). PAGE — 5 Page 6 R403.1.4J Frost Protection. Except where otherwise protected from fiost, foundation walls, piers and other perrnanent supports of buildings and structures shall be protected from frost by one or more of the following methods: 1 Extending below the frost line specified in Table R30l.2(l); 2 Constructing in accordance with Section R4033; 3. Constructing in accordance with ASCE 32-01; and 4 Erected on solid rock. Exceptions: l Freestanding accessory structures with an area of 400 square feet (37 n1 ) or less and an cave height of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less shall not be required to be protected 2. Decks not supported by a dwelling need not be provided with footings that extend below the frost line. Footings shall not bear on frozen soil unless such frozen condition is of a permanent character. PAGE — 6 Page 7 (Arnd) 311.4.3 Landings at exterior doors. There shall be a floor or landing a minimum of 3 feet in the direction of travel and 3 feet in width, or a Width equal to the width of any adjacent stair, whichever is go-ater, on each side of each exterior door. The landing on the exterior side of doors shall not be more than 8-1/4 inches below the top of the threshold provided that the door, other than an exterior storm or screen door, does not swing over the landing. In the event that the door, other than an exterior storm or screen door, swings over the landing, the landing shall not be more that 1.5 inches below the top‘ of the threshold. Exception: At other than the required exit door, a landing is not required for the exterior side of the door where a stairway of three or fewer risers, including the top riser from the dwelling to the top tread, is located on the exterior side of the door. i DOOR SWING DOOR S N 0: 20 t . * W] G 0: :0 SCREEN AND STORM DOORS MAY svvme oven srm as, snaps on umoawe 1/ <8 i/HIM- MAX ' < LANDWG PEHMITFED TO _ . t - I BE omn-rso AT OTHER ‘ V s V . THAN EXIT ooon 12 FT ‘ - MAX INTERIOR meat OF srmns (oooa MUST NOT swme ovrzn FIRST STEP as IN. MIN _ KF SWINGING TOWARD STAIHS] -“—‘>i V _ EXTERIOR noon an s1: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. ' - - EXTERIOR STAIHWAYS Figure R311.5.4 LANDINGS AT DOORS INTERRAUONAL RESIDENTIAL CODEQ9 COMMENTARY—VOLUME 1 DACF _. 7 Page 8 DQCK5 PH?” D R311.5.4 Landings for stairways. There shall be a floor or landing at the top and bottom of each stairway. Exception: A floor or Eanding is not required at the top of an interior flight of stairs, provided a door does not swing over the stairs. A flight of stairs shall not have a vertical rise greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) between floor levels or landings The width of each landing shall not be less than the stairway served. Every landing shall have a minimum dimension of 36 inches (914 mm) measured in the direction of travel. R311.5.5 Stairway Walking surface. The walking surface of treads and landings of stairways shall be sloped no steeper than one unit vertical in 48 inches horizontal (2- percent slope). PAGE»—8 Page 9 ‘ 2[2/06 R3115 Stairways. (Arnd) R31 1.5.1 Width. Stairways shall not be less than 36 inches in clear width at all points above the permitted handrail height and below the required headroom height. Handrails shall not project more than 4.5 inches on either side of the stairway and the minimum clear width of the stairway at and below the handrail height, including treads and landings, shall not be less than 31.5 inches where a handrail is installed on one side and 27 inches where handrails are provided on both sides. Exceptions: l. The width of spiral stairways shall be in accordance with Section R3 1 1.5.8. 2. The width of existing stairways serving existing unfinished attics or existing unfinished basements being converted to habitable space shall not be less than 32 inches in clear width at all points above the permitted handrail height and ‘ below the required headroom height. Handrails shall not project more than 4 inches on either side of the stairway and the Ininirnum clear width of the stairway at and below the handrail height, including treads and landings, shall not be less than 28 inches where a handrail is installed on one side and 24 inches where handrails are provided on both sides. (Alilld) R311.5.2 Headroom. The minimum headroom in all parts of the stairway shall not be less than 6 feet, 8 inches measured vertically from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing or horn the floor surface of the landing or platform Exception: The minimum headroom in all parts of existing or replacement stairways serving existing unfinished attics or existing unfinished basements being converted to habitable space shall be 6 feet 6 inches, measured as above. (1) FROM FLOOR SURFACE OF LANDING For Si: 1 inch -= 25.4 mm, 1 IOOI = 304.8 mm. "' E _ 9 Figtrre B31152 PAG MINIMUM HEADFIOOM Page 10 \[le¢Ks Page 10 2/2/06 R311.5.3 Stair treads and risers. (Amd) R311.5.3.1 Riser Height. The maximum riser height shall be 8-1/4 inches. The minimum riser shall be 4 inches. Riser height shall be measured vertically between leading edges of adjacent treads. Exception: The maximum riser height of existing or replacement stairs serving existing unfinished attics or existing unfinished basements being converted to habitable space shall be 9 inches, measured as above. The greatest riser height within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch. (Amd) R311.5.3.2 Tread Depth. The minimum tread depth shall be 9 inches. The tread depth shall be measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right angle to the tread’s leading edge. Exception: The minimum tread depth of existing or replacement stairs serving existing unfinished attics or existing unfinished basements being converted to habitable space shall be 8 inches, measured as above. The greatest tread depth within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch. Winder and circular stairway treads shall have a minimum tread depth of 9 inches measured as above at a point 12 inches from the sides where the treads are narrower. Winder treads shall have a minimum tread depth of 6 inches at any point. The greatest winder tread depth at the 12-inch walk line within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch. The greatest circular tread depth at any walking line within any circular flight of stairs, measured at a consistent distance from a side of the stairway, shall not exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch- R3l1.5.3.3 Profile. The radius of curvature at the leading edge of the tread shall be no greater than 9/ 16 inch (14.3 mm). A nosing not less than % inch (19 mm) but not more than 1-1/4 inch (32 mm) shall be provided on stairways with solid risers. The greatest nosing projection shall not exceed the smallest nosing projection by more than 3/ 8 inch (9.5 mm) between two stories, including the nosing at the levei of floors and landings. Beveling of nosing shall not exceed 1/1 inch (12.7 mm). Risers shall be vertical or sloped from the underside of the leading edge of the tread above at an angle not more than 30 (0.51 rad) degrees from the vertical. Open risers are permitted, provided that the opening between treads does not permit the passage of a 4-inch diameter (102 mm) sphere. Exceptions: \ 1. A nosing is not required where the tread depth is a minimum of ll inches (279 mm). 2. The opening between adjacent treads is not limited on stairs with a total rise of 30 inches (762 mm) or less. PAGF ~ ill Page 11 -(—-- 4” sphere cannot pass through — See ~- R311.5.3.3 For SI: I inch : 25.4 mm. Figure R311.5.3.1(1) CONVENTIONAL STAIRWAY EACH FLIGHT REGULATED ON ITS OWN #3, G REATEST SMALLEST --<—>] , DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GREATEST AND SMALLEST THREAD DEPTH WITHIN A FLIGHT OF STAIHS IS LIMITED TO 3/8 IN. HIGHEST DIFFERENCE BEFWEEN HIGHEST AND LOWEST RISEHS WITHIN A FLIGHT OF STAIHS IS LIMITED TO 3/5 IN. For 5]: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. . - Figure R311.-5.3.1(2) STAJH TOLERAHCES be J43 pa I 1/2 IN. MAX BEVEL 9/15 IN. MAX RADIUS 30" MAX FOR SLOPED RISER 3/4 IN. MIN 4‘ '—— 3/4IN. MIN 1 11/4 IN. MAX I /4 IN. MAX I-‘or5l: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. PAGE — 11 TREAD PROFILE Page 12 R311.5.6 Handrails. Handrails shall be provided on at least one side of each continuous run of treads or flight with four or more risers. R31l.5.6.1 Height. Handrail height, measured vertically fiom the sloped plan adjoining the tread nosing, or finish surface of ramp slope, shall be not less that 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965 mm). (Amd) R311.5.6.2 Continuity. Handrails for stairways shall be continuous for the full length of each flight, from a point directly above the top riser of the flight to a point directly above the lowest riser of the flight. Handrail ends shall be returned to a wall or shall terminate in newel posts or safety terminations. Handrails adjacent to a wall shall have a space of not less than 1 1/2 inch between the wall and the handrails. Exceptions: 1. Handrails shall be permitted to be interrupted by a newel post at a level landing. 2. The use of a volute, turnout, starting easing or starting newell shall be permitted over the lowest tread. R311.5.6.3 Handrail grip size. All required handrails shall be of one of the following types or provide equivalent graspability. 1. Type I. Handrails with a circular cross section shall have an outside diameter of at least l-1/4 inches (32 mm) and not greater than 2 inches (51 mm). Ifthe handrail not circular, it shall have a perimeter dimension of at least 4 inches (102 mm) and not greater than 6-1/4 inches (160 mm) with a maximum cross section of dimension of 2-1/4 inches (57 mm). 2. Type II. Handrails with a perimeter greater than 6—l/4 inches (160 mm) shall provide a graspable finger recess area on both sides of the profile. The finger recess shall begin within a distance of ii; inch (19 mm) measured vertically from the tallest portion of the profile and achieve a depth of at least 5/ 16 inch (8 mm) within 7/8 inch (22 mm) below the Widest portion of the profile. This required depth shall continue for at least 3/8 inch (10 mm) to a level that is not less than 1-3/4 inches (45 mm) below the tallest portion of the profile. The minimum width of the handrail above the recess shall be 1-1/4 inches (32 mm) to a maximum of 2-3/4 inches (70 mm). Edges shall have a minimum radius of 0.01 inches (0.25 mm). R31l.5.7 Illumination. All stairs_shall be provided with illumination in accordance with Section R3036. PAGF -19 Page 13 REQUIRED HANDFIAJL TO BE CONTINUOUS TOP TO BOTTOM WALL (STAIH CONTINUES PLAN VIEW ELEVATION VIEW FiQ’UI'E R311 5.6.2 ' HANDRAILS HANDRAILTHAT IS NOT CIRCULAR MUST HAVE A PERIMETER OF 4 IN. V MIN/_6V4 IN. MAX WITH A MAXIMUM - Ross SE HANDFIAIL WITH CIRCULAR - 21,4 .NCHE§“°N DI-"§E~'Ns'0N OF 1‘! IN. MIN/2 IN. MAX 7 - DIAMETER W2 IN- —>' '11/2 IN, 0.01 RADIUS CIRCULAR HANDHAIL NONCIRCULAR HANDRAIL For $1: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. . figure R311.5.6.3{1) TYPE I HANDRAIL M INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL comee CYOMMEIIFEARY-—'V0f_UME 1 . HANDRAIL PEFIIMEIER > 6% IN. O 1114 IN. TO 2 3/4 IN GRASPABLE FINGER RECESS AREA IS REQUIRED on BOTH SIDES 25/15 IN. Figure R311.5.6.3{2) IYPE II HANDRAIL PAGE— 13 Page 14 Decl 301"‘ < SOIN. For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. ' Figure aa1:>_1(1) STAIFIWAY GUARD 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE“~" COMMENTARY—VOl..UME 1 PAGE— 14 Page 15 /3 NO GUARD REQUIRED ON OPEN - SIDE, BUT HANDRAIL. REQUIRED V ON AT LEAST ONE SIDE B R . STAIR A . ‘ GUARD REQUIRED - 7 {MAY SERVE AS HANDRAIL} V For SI: 1 inch:-25.4 mm. figure R312.1(2) STAIRWAY GUARD TORRAJL SERVES AS / HANDFIAIL FOR STAIR GUARD 36 IN. MIN For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. Figure R312.1(3) STAIRWAY GUARD PAGE— 15 Page 16 For SI: 1 inch =25.4 mm. SPHERE 4 IN. CANNOT PASS T-HROUGH SPHERE 43/8 PERMITTED on OPEN SIDE FULL 36 IN. MIN GUARD. F STAJRT 8 ONLY) HEIGHT PER SECT. R31 6.1 AT LANDING ,——34 IN. MIN GUARD I-IEJGI-IT PEFI SECT. 38 IN. MAX FOR HANDHAIL PER SECT. SPHERE 6 IN. CANNOT PASS THROUGH L Figure R3122 ‘ GUARD REQUIREMENTS ' PAGE— 16 Page 17 M165 Pttfpe 17 R502.2.1 Decks. Where supported by attachment to an exterior wall, decks shall be positively anchored to the primary structure and designed for both vertical and lateral 7 loads as applicable. Such attachment shall not be accomplished by the use of toenails or nails subject to withdrawal. Where positive connection to the primary building structure cannot be verified during inspection, decks shall be self-supporting: For decks with cantilevered fi'ami11g members, connections to exterior walls or other framing members, shall be designed and constructed to resist uplift resulting from the filll live load specified in Table 301.4 acting on the cantilevered portion of tl1e deck. TABLE nso2s.a(2) 7 ' cmmsven spans son noon JOISTS suppormne Exrenloa BALCONYE 1» =4 llaxirnum Cantilever Span (UpIi1t Force at Badtspan Support In l.1:\s.)‘="1 . ‘ Ground Srmw Load Member Size Spacing 530 psi _ so psi‘ ru ps1’ 2 x 8 .12" 42" (139) 39" (156) 34" (165) 2 x‘ s _ ’ 16" - ‘ _ V 36" (151) 34" (171) - 29" (130) 2 x 10 12" . 61” (164) 51" (189) 49"(201) 2 x 10 16" 53” (180) ‘ 49" (208) 42" (220) 2 x 10 I 24" _ 43". (212) . 40" (241) ' - 34” (255) 2 x 12 16" . 72" (223) , 67" (260) 5'/"(26s) 2 x 12 24" 58" (279) 54" (319) 47" (330) ' For SI: 1 inch = 5.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 0.0479 XN/1:112. a. Spans are based on No. 2.Grade lumber of Douglas fir-larch, hem-fir, sclullreni pine, and sprurxvpinc-fir for repetitive (3 or more) members. b. Ratio of backspan to cantilever span shall be at least 2:_1. ‘ V - c. Connections capable of resisting the indicated uplift force shall he provided at the backspan support. - cl. Uplift force isfor a backspan to rantileverspan ratio of2:1. Tabnlatcd uplift values arepermitled to be reduced by multiplying by afactor equal to 2 divided by the actual baclspan ratio provided (2l'badrspan ratio)- e. A fnll~depth rimjoist shall be provided at the cantilevered end of the joists. Solid blocking shall be provided at the cantilevered support. I. Linear interpolation shall be permitted for ground snow loads other than shown. 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE” 1 PAGE- 17 Page 18 Q'ecl

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