Image Compression Tool

Transcript

Image Compression Tool Page 1 esign for " deAccetance ' Prescriptive U Residential Wood Deck Construction Guide Based on the 2006 International Residential Code NJ Edition U 1 _,"le'dger‘ board ;fasteners _ existing house ﬂoor construction ledger board attachement to attachment'il 3 existing house posteto-’bea,m connection (ﬂush, tight bearing) post joist-to-beam connection Where applicable, provisions and details contained in this document are based on the International Residential Code (IRC) [bracketed text references applicable sections of the /RC]. Prescriptive construction methods recommended meet or exceed minimum requirements of the IRC. Provisions that are not found in the IRC are recommended as good industry practice. Where differences exist between provisions of this document and the IRC, provisions of the /RC shall apply. This document is not intended to preclude the use of other construction methods or materials. All construction and materials must be approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Every effort has been made to reﬂect the language and intent of the IRC. However, no assurance can be given that designs and construction made in accordance with this document meet the requirements of any partioularjurisdiction. Copyright © 2008. American Forest & Paper Association, Inc. Page 2 2 PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE CONTENTS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS ........................................ ..2 PROHIBITED LEDGER ATTACHMENTS ................. .. 12 DECKING REQUIREMENTS ......................................... ..3 LEDGER BOARD FASTENERS .................................. .. 12 JOIST SIZE ....................................................................... ..3 FREE-STANDING DECKS ........................................... .. 14 BEAM SIZE & ASSEMBLY REQUIREMENTS ........... ..5 DECK STABILITY ........................................................ .. 14 DECK FRAMING PLAN ................................................. ..6 GUARD REQUIREMENTS .......................................... .. 15 JOIST-TO-BEAM CONNECTION .................................. ..7 GUARD POST ATTACHMENTS ................................ .. 16 JOIST HANGERS ............................................................ ..'7 STAIR REQUIREMENTS ............................................. .. 17 POST REQUIREMENTS ................................................. ..7 STAIR HANDRAIL REQUIREMENTS ....................... .. 18 RIM J OIST REQUIREMENTS ........................................ ..8 STAIR FOOTING REQUIREMENTS .......................... .. 19 F OOTINGS ....................................................................... ..9 STAIR LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS ......................... .. 19 LEDGER ATTACHMENT REQUIREMENTS ............. .. 10 FRAMING AT CHIMNEY OR BAY WINDOW ......... .. 19 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 1. This document applies to single level residential I All hardware (joist hangers’ caSt_in_p1ace post wood decks only. anchors, etc.) shall be galvanized or shall be 2. All lumber shall be identiﬁed by the grade mark of, stainless steel. Hardware to be hot-dipped prior or certiﬁcate of inspection issued by, an approved lumber grading or inspection bureau or agency (www.alsc.org). All lumber shall be a naturally durable species (such as Redwood or Western Cedars) or be pressure-treated with an approved process and preservative in accordance with American Wood Protection Association standards (Table 1) [R319.1 and R320.l]. All lumber in contact with the ground shall be approved preservative treated wood suitable for ground contact. [R3 19.1.2] All nails shall meet the requirements of AST M F I 66 7. Wood screws shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ASME B18. 6.] . Bolts and lag screws shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ASME BJ8.2.1. To resist corrosion, the following is required [R3 19.3]: I All screws, bolts, and nails for use with preservative treated wood shall be hot-dipped galvanized, stainless steel, silicon bronze or copper. Fasteners to be hot-dipped galvanized shall meet the requirements of ASTM A J 53, Standard Speciﬁcation for Zinc Coating (Hot- Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware, Class D for fasteners 3/8" in diameter and smaller or Class C for fasteners with diameters over 3/8". I Fasteners other than nails and timber rivets shall be permitted to be of mechanically deposited zinc-coated steel with coating weights in accordance with ASTM B 695, Class 55, minimum. to fabrication shall meet ASTM A 653, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanizecb or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the H0t~Dip Process, G-185 coating. Hardware to be hot-dipped galvanized after fabrication shall meet ASTMAJZ3, Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products. I Fasteners and connectors exposed to, and located within 300 feet of, a salt water shoreline shall be stainless steel grade 304 or 316. I Other coated or non-ferrous fasteners or hardware shall be as approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Decks supporting hot tubs are beyond the scope of this document. This document does not apply to decks which will experience snow loads, snow drift loads, or sliding snow loads that exceed 40 psf. This document does not address lateral loads on decks such as wind or seismic. Flashing shall be corrosion-resistant metal of minimum nominal 0.019-inch thickness or approved non-metallic mater.ial [R7 03.8]. Decks shall not be used or occupied until ﬁnal inspection and approval is obtained. This document is not intended to preclude the use of other construction methods or materials not shown herein. American Wood Council Page 3 PRESORIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Table 1. Common preservative treatments and retention levels (pcf) for sawn lumber in ground contactfl Species ACQ-B ACQ-C ACQ-D CA-B CuN-W Southern Pine ‘0.40 0.40 0.40 0.21 0.11 Douglas Fir-Larch 0-40 0-40 NR 0.21 0.11 Hem_|:ir 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.21 0.11 ponderosa pine 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.21 0.11 Red pine 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.21 0.11 spruCe_pine_|:ir NR 0.40 NR NR NR Redwood NR NR NR NR NR 3 Preservatives and retentions listed in Table 1 are based on the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) Book of Standards. NR = Treatments Not Recommended. DECKING REQUIREMENTS All decking material shall be composed of dimension lumber (2" nominal thickness) or span rated decking in accordance with the American Lumber Standard Committee Policy for Evaluation of Recommended Spans for Span Rated Decking Products (November 5, 2004). Attach decking to each joist with 2-8d threaded nails or 2-#8 screws. Space decking boards approximately 1/8" apart. See Figure 11 for decking connection requirements at the rim joist. Decking may be placed from an angle perpendicular to the joists to an angle of 45 degrees to the joists. Each segment of decking must bear on a minimum of 4 joists. Decking not meeting the above requirements may be substituted when the product has been approved by the authority having jurisdiction. W The span of a joist is measured from the centerline of bearing at one end of the joist to the centerline of bearing at the other end of the joist and does not include the length of the overhangs. Use Table 2 to determine joist span based on lumber size and joist spacing. See Figure 1 and Figure 2 for joist span types. Table 2. Maximum Joist Spans (L_,)1 Joist Spacing (o.c.) Species Size 12" 16" 24" 2x8 10' - 6" 10' - 6" 10' - 2" s°""‘°"‘ Pine 2x10 15' - 2" I 15' - 2" 13' - 1" 2x12 18‘ - 0" 18' - 0" 15' - 5" Douglas Fir- 2X8 '9' ' 3“ 9| ' 3" 9' ' 1" La; 2x10 13' - 4" 13' - 4" 11' - 1" 2x12 17' -10" 15' - 9" 12' -10" ‘3522222’ 2x8 8' - 4" 8‘ - 4" 8" - 4" Ponggrgzﬁsines, 2x10 12' - 0" 12' - 0" 10' - 7" Red Pine“ 2x12 15' - 1" 15' - 1" 12' - 3" 1. Assumes 40 psf live load, 10 psf dead load, L/180 cantilever deﬂection with 230 lb point load, No. 2 grade, and wet service conditions. See span calculator at www.awc.org for simple span conditions without cantilevers. 2. lncising assumed for refractory species including Douglas ﬁr-larch, hem-ﬁr, and spruce-pine-ﬁr. 3. Design values based on northern species with no lncising assumed. American Forest & Paper Association Page 4 4 PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Figure 1A: Joist Span — Deck Attached at House and Bearing Over Beam Z/--optional overhang eXiStir1g Wall —————>- ll ll ll ll ll H II ll U H ll ll ll rim joist joist hanger --_ beam (flush,-->-XM \ tight bearing) joist ledger board __ --— post , Joist Span (LJ)I see Table 2 ‘ LJ/4 maxlmum__ '_ overhang 7 Figure 1B: Joist Span - Joists Attached at House and to Side of Beam existing wall -—-—-> H II ll II II II II II ll H II II ll joist hanger joist hanger \JOiSt ledger board --j beam —> post —~> Joist Span (LJ)I see Table 2 Figure 2: Joist Span — Free Standing Deck /— optional overhang optional overhang¥\ beam __M 3 be-Vam EM (flush, tight l (flush, tight beanng) I posit: bearmg) l;J/4 maximup ‘T overhang’ Joist Span (L1): see Table 2 A ‘ ‘ I LJ/4 maximum _ overhang "I American Wood Council Page 5 PRESORIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE BEAM SIZE & ASSEMBLY REQUIREMENTS (however, joists shall not be attached to opposite sides of the same beam). See JOIST-TO-BEAM CONNECTION details, Figure 6. Deck beam spans shall be in accordance with Table 3 and can extend past the post centerline up to LB/4 as shown in Figure 3. J oists may bear on the beam and Where multiple 2x members are used, the deck’s beam is extend past the beam centerline up to L;/4 as shown in assembled by attaching the members identiﬁed in Table 3 in accordance with Figure 4. [R602.3(1)] Figures 1A and 2, or the joists may attach to the side of the beam with joist hangers as shown in Figure 1B Table 3. Deck Beam Spans (LB)1 Joist Spans (LJ) Less Than or Equal to: 18' 16' 14' 12' 10' Size Species 2-2X6 2-2X8 2-2X1 0 Southern 2-2x12 3-2x6 i Pine 3-2x8 3-2X10 3-2x1 2 3x6 or 2-2x6 Larchz, Hem-Firz, SPF2, Redwood, 4x10 Western Cedars, Ponderosa 4x12 3-2x6 3-2x8 Pine“, Red Pine3 3-2X1 0 8| _ 6|! Assumes 40 psf live load, 10 psf dead load, L/360 simple span beam deﬂection limit, L/180 cantilever deﬂection limit, No. 2 grade, and wet service conditions. 121- 1" 3-2X1 2 1. 2. lncising assumed for refractory species including Douglas ﬁr-larch, hem-ﬁr, and spruce-pine-ﬁr. 3 Design values based on northern species with no incising assumed. Figure 3: Beam Span Types optional overhang (may occur-at each end) LB/4 max_. bverhang \'—beam splices -at interior po.st locations \ joists,-ab-We-_7\ . /1 beam span (La): see Table 11 A f \— beam, -‘1-post,; typical is/4 max; _b,ea'm span (L3): see Table BL # vi overhang American Forest & Paper Association Page 6 PRESORIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Figure 4: Beam Assembly Details 10d common nail or #10 wood 2 common nails or screws at each end or screw, staggered in 2 rows splice end; splices shallbe located only over /\ interior posts (Figure 3) —\ \ \ \ \ I \ \ * I I 0 0 . /5 If a beam is constructed with 3-members, - 16" attach each outside member toithe inside ' member aslshown here. typical DECK FRAMING PLAN A framing plan shows the joist and beam layout; the location of the ledger board, posts, and footings, and the type, size, and spacing of the ledger board fasteners. See Figure 5 for an example of a typical deck framing plan. Figure 5: Typical Deck Framing Plan Lumber speci,es':- ___________________ (see Table ‘11). A "11' J1!‘ ‘IF’ ‘1|’ "1|" an or "1r "ll'\"1l'l-—-X——|edger N g \ \ board with l/z''¢ % 8 bolts/screws,/anchors fl‘ = E @ _" on center (1) I =-O (see Table 5)‘ 0) H -_-- >4: - overhang beam Span ‘(La);j.',see Table 3 overhang ' ’"ead$1,_X __ LB: ___1».;__ "1 (see Table _6) American Wood Council Page 7 PRESORIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE J OIST-TO-BEAM CONNECTION Each joist shall be attached to the beam as shown in Figure 6. Joists may bear on and overhang past the beam a maximum of L1/4. Use Option 1 or Option 2 to attach the joist to the beam. Option 1 shall only be used if the deck is attached to the house with a ledger (see LEDGER ATTACHMENT REQUIREMENTS) or as clips used as shown in Option 2 must have a minimum capacity of 100 lbs in both uplift and lateral load directions. Joists may also attach to the side of the beam with joist hangers per Option 3 (however, joists shall not be attached to opposite sides of the same beam). See JOIST HANGERS for more information. Hangers, clips, and mechanical fasteners shall be galvanized (see . . . . RE UIRE . shown in Figure 23. Mechan1cal fasteners or hurncane MINIMUM Q MENTS) Figure 6: Joist-to-Beam Detail 3-8d common °PT'°N 1* _ OPTION 2** opnon a** toe nails mechamcal (2 on one side, fastener '01‘ - Joist top of beam and joist ‘ h ' ' ' > . I b 1‘ 1 on the other) Umcane Clip I hang;\ lwgigs/atigna same *Opti0n' 1 H . . 0 0 B1‘ shall only be so used if deck- ‘W is attached 2 beam 6 to house ' **see.'manufa_cturer‘,sj recommendationsfor additional requirements J OIST HANGERS Joist hangers, as shown in Figure 7, shall each have a minimum download capacity in accordance with Table 3A. The joist hanger shall be selected from an approved manufacturer’s product data based on the dimensions of the joist or header it is carrying. J oist hangers shall be galvanized (see MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS). Use joist hangers with inside ﬂanges when clearances to the edge of the beam or ledger board dictate. Do not use clip angles or brackets to support joists. Table 3A: Joist Han’ger Download Capacity Joist Size Minimum Capacity, lbs 2x8 600 2x10 700 2x12 800 POST REQUIREMENTS [R407] All deck post sizes shall be 6X6 (nominal) or larger, and the maximum height shall be 14'-0" measured to the underside of the beam. Posts shall be centered on footings. Cut ends of posts shall be ﬁeld treated with an approved preservative (such as copper naphthenate) [R402.l.2]. The beam shall be attached to the post by Figure 7: Typical Joist Hangers joist hanger with inside flanges notching the 6x6 as shown in Figure 8 or by providing an approved post cap to connect the beam and post as shown in Figure 10. All 3-ply beams shall be connected to the post by a post cap. All thru-bolts shall have washers at the bolt head and nut. Attachment of the beam to the side of the post without notching is prohibited (see Figure 9). American Forest & Paper Association Page 8 PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Figure 8: Post-to-Beam Attachment , Figure 9: Prohibited Post-to-Beam Attachment Requirements Condition (1)3x or4xor (2) 2X beam (2) 172" diameter thru- bolts with Washers beam must bear fully on 6x6 notch 6x6 min. notch post to accomodate beam RIM JOIST REQUIREMENTS Figure 10: Alternate Approved Post-to-Beam Attach a continuous rim joist to the ends of joists as post Cap Attachment shown in Figure 11. Attach decking to the rim joist as shown in Figure 11. For more decking attachment requirements, see DECKING REQUIREMENTS. Solid sawn or ‘ multi-ply beam \\ Figure 11: Rim Joist Connection Details '-J.0i:St‘~SvI _. F i 1 ‘ 3 t I‘: E; Q Q-1 ' * - 7' -I 'SECUI'GI'dE_Cl -' T . 1 ' 1 I #10 X3" minimum wood screws @ 6" o.c.; ’ _ ' I ' ~ ‘ NAILS NOT PERMITTED attach rim joist to end of eachjoist with (3) #10 x 3“ minimum wood screws; NAILS NOT PERMITTED rim joist American Wood Council Page 9 ='PRES‘CRIPIlVERESIDENTIAI. WOOD DECKCONSTRUGTION‘GUIDE? V ' FOOTINGS [R403] Table 4. Footing Sizesz See Figure 12 and Table 4 for footing size, footing _ R°ur_‘d1 _ thickness, and ipostattachment options and requirements. Beam Jmst F_°°tmg F_°°tmg 3 All footings shall~bear on solid ground -and shall be Span, '-B SP3"! I-J Dmmeter Tmckness placecl.-at. least 30 inches below the L1ndistu1‘bed.ground - <10‘ ' 15" 6" ' surface or belowthe frost line, whichever is deeper; 6| <14‘ 17" 6" bearing conditions: shall be veriﬁed\in‘=th’erf1eld‘by the 518' 20" 7" building ofﬁci_al_ prior to placement of concrete. Where <10‘ 17" 6" thebuilding o*ff1cialPdetermines that'in3-‘place-"soils with 8' <14‘ 20" 8" anallowable bearing*cap"acity '0f‘l‘es's'_'than~1"',~'500 psf are 513' 23" 9" likely to be present ‘atthe *'site‘,'the allowable ‘bearing I <10' 1 9" 7" capacity shall be"deterInin:ed'by a~“s‘o'ils‘i'n“ igation. 10' <14‘ 22" 9" DECK1:FOOT1NGS ‘CEQSEHR 5'-" _ Q';'}-3N 518' 25" 10" EXISTING EXTERIOR'HQUSE"WALII3'MﬁS_T_:BEAR 510' 21" 8" AT TIIE_sA1vLE‘ ELEVATIQI-$As‘TIIE:F'ooTn\IG OF 12' <14' 24" 10" THE EXISTING HOUSE FOUNDATION. 518‘ 28“ 1 1 " ‘Do not construct footings over utility lines or <10‘ 22" 9" enclosed meters. Call the local utilities before 14' 514‘ 26" 11" digging. I <18‘ . 30" 12" Pre-manufactured post anchors shall be galvanized. See <10‘ 24" 9" MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS. 16' <14‘ 28" 12" 518‘ 32" 1 3" ‘ . <10’ 25" \ 10" 18' <14‘ 30" 12" <18‘ 34" 14" 1. Square footings are permitted to have widths 2" less than the given diameter of round footings. 2. Assumes 1,500 psf soil bearing capacity. 3. Assumes 2,500 psi compressive strength of concrete. Coordinate footing thickness with post base and anchor requirements. Figure 12: Typical Footing Options Cut ends of posts shall be _i U — posts must be _‘ ' V _ ﬁeld treated with an approved Centered on -footing preservative (such as copper grade naphthenate) iil:'l :lii:l| g r _ WMIMMUM 0 g Ci ' footmgs must bear DEPTH .5 a“. On solid ground /0. ‘ . ‘ frost depth * Q ~ . J, . f ll ‘ . A ‘per Tame 4» L pre-manufactured post base with post anchor American Forest & Paper Association Page 10 10 PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE LEDGER ATTACHMENT REQUIREMENTS IRS 02.2. 1 I GENERAL: Attach the ledger board, which shall be equal to or greater than the deck joist depth, but less than or equal to the rim joist depth, to the existing exterior wall in accordance with Figure 14 through Figure 16. When attachments are made to the existing house band joist, the band joist shall be capable of supporting the new deck. If this cannot be veriﬁed or conditions at the existing house differ from the details herein, then either a free-standing deck or full plan submission is required. See FREE-STANDING DECKS. SIDING AND FLASHING: House siding, or the exterior ﬁnish system, must be removed prior to installation of the ledger board. Approved corrosion resistant ﬂashing is required at any ledger board connection to a wall of wood framed construction (see MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS). See Figure 14 for continuous ﬂashing with drip edge. The threshold shall be carefully ﬂashed and caulked to prevent water intrusion due to splash from the deck or melting snow and ice. MANUFACTURED WOOD I-JOIST: The term “I- Joist” denotes manufactured wood “I” joists (see Figure 13A). Many new homes constructed with wood I-joists include 1" or thicker engineered wood products (EWP) — such as oriented strand board (OSB) or structural composite lumber (SCL) including laminated veneer lumber (LVL) — as band joists (or rim boards) that can support the attachment of a deck (see Figure 14). However, some older homes might be constructed with band boards that are too thin (less than 1") to support a deck. In such cases, a free-standing deck or a full plan submission is required. MANUFACTURED WOOD TRUSS: A metal plate connected wood truss (MPCWT) is an engineered, prefabricated structural component designed for each speciﬁc application. MPCWT’s used in residential ﬂoors are often installed with a 2x4 lumber “ribbon” at the ends of the trusses (see Figure 13B), the purpose of which is to tie the ends of the trusses together. The ribbon board, by itself, is not intended to support the deck ledger and deck. Installing residential decks when the ﬂoor system for the house uses l\/IPCWT requires a standard detail provided by the truss designer, a free- standing deck, or a full plan submission. Refer to the WTCA Technical Note —Attachment of Residential Decks to Wood Truss Floor Systems for special blocking details and attachment requirements (www.sbcindustgg.com). Figure 13A: Wood I-Joist Profile Figure 13B: Metal Plate Connected (MPC) Wood Floor Trusses with a 2x4 Lumber “Ribbon” at the Ends of the Trusses 2x4 RIBBON BOARD -not intended for declcattachmenti V . K " " MPG FLOOR r l KUDDES American Wood Council Page 11 PRESORIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DEOK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Figure 14: General Attachment of Ledger Board to Band Joist or Rim Board _ _ -—’\/— remove siding at ledger extenor Sheathmg > prior to installation existing stud Wall _ threshold carefully flashed and _ _ I _ - caulked to prevent water intrusion existing 2x band joist O ' . . or1"minimum \- Continuous flashmg EWP rim board W'“‘ dnp edge 2" L /— deck joist - mm. 3 1-5/8_"'minT.-_ I -5" max. ‘ 2,, min —— P — 1/2" diameter lag 2x ﬂoorjoi'st,. 7, i ' ' screws or wood l-joist, M through-bolts with or MPCWT .. . , _. l \_ washers 4 " Q ~ joist hanger x‘st‘n ——>- ' 5 I éaotljngjagiion Wall , .01 2x ledger board; must be greater than or equal to the depth of the deckjoist and no greater than the depth of the band joist Figure 15: Attachment of Ledger Board to Foundation Wall (Concrete or Solid Masonry) embed anchors per manufacturer /recommendations ' ' to resist corrosion and decay, ‘. /this area should be caulked /— deck joist % existing concrete-->- ‘ or solid masonry wall F -1/2" diameter P approved expansion, ““ epoxy, or adhesive 5 l ‘J ' ‘ anchors with washers '4; Q 4 ‘ joist hanger ‘/1 2x ledger board; must be greater than or equal to the size of the joist Figure 16: Attachment of Ledger Board to Foundation Wall (Hollow Masonry) embed anchors per'ma'nufacturer recommendations ' to resist corrosion and decay, this area should be caulked . 4 deckjoist existing hollow ' ‘ ' ll masonry wa 1/2" diameter approved block cells ﬁlled epoxy or adhesive with grout or anchors with washers concrete at _ _ anchor locations ‘ ]o|st'hange_r (new o0n$t,rUCtl0n) 2x ledger board; must be greater 8" block well than or equal to the size of the joist minimum American Forest & Paper Association Page 12 12 PROHIBITED LEDGER ATTACHMENTS Attachments to exterior veneers (brick, masonry, stone) PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE deck shall be free-standing (see FREE-STANDING DECKS). ' and to cantilevered ﬂoor overhangs or bay windows are prohibited (see Figures 17 and 18). In such cases the Figure 17: No Attachment to or Through Exterior Veneers (Brick, Masonry, Stone) Figure 18: No Attachment to House Overhang LEDGER BOARD FASTENERS Deck ledger connection to band joist or rim board. The connection between a deck ledger and a 2-inch nominal lumber band joist (l-1/2" actual) or EWP rim deck joistf l ' I -<—brick veneer or masonry chimney constructed with ‘/2" lag screws or bolts with washers per Table 5 and Figure 19 (see MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS). Only those fasteners noted below are permitted. LEAD ANCHORS ARE PROHIBITED. board bearing on a sill plate or wall plate shall be Table 5. Fastener Spacing for a Southern Pine, Douglas Fir-Larch, or Hem-Fir Deck Ledger and a 2-inch Nominal Solid-Sawn Spruce-Pine-Fir7’9 Band Joist or EWP Rim Board6 (Deck Live Load = 40 psf, Deck Dead Load = 10 psf)3'6 Rim Board 6'-0" 6'-1" 8'-1" 10'-1" 12'-1" 14'-1" 16'-1" Joist Span or and to to to to to to Band JOISI less 3'-0" 10'-D" 12'-0" 14'-0" 16'-O" 18'-O" Connection Details - On-Center Spacing of Fasteners‘5 1/1" diameter lag screw with 1" EWP6 24" 18" 14" 12" 10" 9" 8" 15i " maximum sheathing1 1'1/8" EWP6 28" 21" 16" 14" 12" 10" 9" 32 1-1/2" |__|_jmber7'9 30" 23" 18" 15" 13" 1 1" 10" 1 ,, . . 1" EWP6 24" 18" 14" 12" 10" 9" 8'' 15,322.. 9 1-1/8" EWP67 9 28" 21" 16" 14" 12" 10" 9" 1-1/2" Lumber ' 36" 36" 34" 29" 24" 21 " 19" 1/2" diameter bolt with 1" EWP6 24" 18" 14" 12" 10" 9" 8" 15/32" maximum sheathinzg and 1_1/8" EW|:>6 28" 21" 16" 14" 12" 10" 9" 1/2" stacked washers ‘8 1-1/2-' Lumbel-719 36" 36", 29" 24" 21 " 18" 16" The tip of the lag screw shall fully extend beyond the inside face of the band joist. The maximum gap between the face of the ledger board and face of the wall sheathing shall be 1/2". Ledgers shall be flashed or caulked to prevent water from contacting the house band joist (see Figures 14, 15, and 16). Lag screws and bolts shall be staggered per Figure 19. Deck ledgers shall be minimum 2x8 pressure-preservative-treated No.2 grade lumber, or other approved materials as established by standard engineering practice. When solid-sawn pressure-preservative-treated deck ledgers are attached to engineered wood products (minimum 1" thick wood structural panel band joist or structural composite lumber including laminated veneer lumber), the ledger attachment shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice. Tabulated values based on 300 lbs and 350 lbs for 1" and 1-1/8" EWP rim board, respectively. A minimum 1"x91/2" Douglas fir—larch laminated veneer lumber rim board shall be permitted in lieu of the 2" nominal band joist. Wood structural panel sheathing, gypsum board sheathing, or foam sheathing not exceeding one inch thickness shall be permitted. The maximum distance between the face of the ledger board and the face of the band joist shall be one inch. Fastener spacing also applies to southern pine, Douglas fir-larch, and hem—fir band joists. American Wood Council Page 13 PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Placement of lag screws or bolts in deck ledgers The lag screws or bolts shall be placed two inches from the bottom or top of the deck ledgers and between two and ﬁve inches from the ends. The lag screws or bolts shall be staggered from the top to the bottom along the horizontal run of the deck ledger (see Figure 19). Proper installation of lag screws or bolts shall be veriﬁed by the building ofﬁcial. Figure 19: Ledger Board Fastener Spacing and Clearances = c" stagger fasteners See Table L 4 N"? in 2 rows @ © @-——— . 5.5" min. for 2x8 —->2" _-I-4-_~ 6.5" min. for 2x10 min. © - © 7.5" min. for 2x12 T hru-Bolts ' Thru-bolts shall have a diameter of 1/2". Pilot holes for thru-bolts shall be 17/32" to 9/16" in diameter. Thru-bolts require washers at the bolt head and nut. Expansion and Adhesive Anchors Use approved expansion or adhesive anchors when attaching a ledger board to a concrete or solid masonry wall as shown in Figure 15 or a hollow masonry wall with a grouted cell as shown in Figure 16. Expansion and adhesive anchor bolts shall have a diameter of 1/2". \— lag screw, thru-bolt, or anchor with washer See Figure 14 for rim joist fastener spacing Minimum embedment length shall be per the manufacturer’s recommendations. All anchors must have washers. Lag Screws Lag screws shall have a diameter of 1/2" (see MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS). Lag screws may be used only when the ﬁeld conditions conform to those shown in Figure 14. See Figure 20 for lag screw length and shank requirements. All lag screws shall be installed with washers. Figure 20: Lag Screw Requirements .1-1/2" shank ‘(no threads) Lag screw installation requirements: Each lag screw shall have pilot holes drilled as follows: 1) Drill a 1/2" diameter hole in the ledger board, 2) Drill a 5/16" diameter hole into the band board of the existing house. DO NOT DRILL A 1/2" DIAMETER HOLE INTO THE BAND BOARD. length. m'u,st1extend through. existing band. board Iagscrews must be hot- dipped galvanizedor stainless steel only. — screw must penetrate beyond band board |-_ aminimum of 1/2." The threaded portion of the lag screw shall be inserted into the pilot hole by turning. DO NOT DRIVE LAG SCREWS WITH A HAMMER. Use soap or a wood- compatible lubricant as required to facilitate tightening. Each lag screw shall be thoroughly tightened (snug but not over-tightened to avoid wood damage). American Forest & Paper Association Page 14 — provide blocking when joists do not align with posts l l ll joist at post locations foundation wall /“/ same elevation as existing house footing -<~—-existing house PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE EXISTING HOUSE FOOTING (see Figure 2 and Figure 12). For houses with basements, a cylindrical footing (caisson) is recommended to minimize required excavation at the basement wall. Beam size is determined by Table 3. install diago_na,Is K ‘ per Figure 22 Decks which are free-standing do not utilize the exterior wall of the existing house to support vertical loads (see Figure 21); instead, an additional beam with posts is provided at or within L/4 of the existing house. THE ASSOCIATED DECK POST FOOTINGS SHALL BE PLACED AT THE SAME ELEVATION AS THE Figure 21: Free-Standing Deck Decks greater than 2 feet above grade shall be provided with diagonal bracing. Figure 22: Diagonal Bracing Requirements FREE-STANDING DECKS DECK STABILITY (1) 3/8" diameter thru-boltwith washers, typical "la .m D. Y t 4. X 2 BRACING PARALLEL TO BEAM BRACING PERPENDICULAR TO BEAM American Wood Council Page 15 PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Diagonal Bracing: Provide diagonal bracing both parallel and perpendicular to the beam at each post as shown in Figure 22. When parallel to the beam, the bracing shall be bolted to the post at one end and beam at the other. When perpendicular to the beam, the bracing shall be bolted to the post at one end and a joist or blocking between joists at the other. When a joist does not align with the bracing location, provide blocking between the next adjacent joists. Decks attached to the house do not require diagonal bracing perpendicular to the house. I Attachment to House: Attach the deck rim joist to the existing house exterior wall as shown in Figure 23 for a free-standing deck or attach the deck ledger to the house as shown in Figures 14, I5, or 16. The wall must be sheathed with minimum 3/8" wood structural panel sheathing. Use lag screws or thru-bolts when fastening to an existing band joist or wall stud; use expansion anchors or epoxy anchors when fastening to concrete or masonry. DO NOT ATTACH TO BRICK VENEERS. VERIFY THIS CONDITION IN THE FIELD PRIOR TO UTILIZING THIS METHOD. Fasteners shall be 16" on center and staggered in 2 rows for free-standing decks. Flashing over the rim joist is required and must be installed in accordance with the ﬂashing provisions in the LEDGER ATTACHMENT REQUIREMENTS. Figure 23: Attachment of Free-Standing Deck to House for Deck Stability exterior sheathing mini thickness/= 3/8" joist, or concrete or “ I masonry foundation wall fasteners ‘.1 en‘ 0.0. _ ~~r-nn staggered’ I ‘ remove siding at rim joist 2 I location prior to installation \ 1 continuous ﬂashing with drip edge beam 8; po_st--———-—> GUARD REQUIREMENTS All decks greater than 30" above grade are required to have a guard [R312.1] - one example is shown in Figure 24. Other methods and materials may be used for guard construction when approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Figure 24: Example Guard Detail 4X4 postI typical DO NOT NOTCH 2x6 or 5/4 board ~*-I/-2x2_' baluster. typical trail cap. I I r 2_J _'___Z_Z__._____.___ __Z__I__Z__I7 __I_{T .36" A 2 I minimum x4 top and bottom, ' I ,. attach to guard post with __ , (2)8d common nails or :'“:' I “5:: ' :"":"':_'t C ZTZT ":_7"lI (2)#8 wood screws on I /-'~ ‘ f l inside face ti )\ © ' @ (2)1l2'Y'diameter§./ op-emvngsshau notlauow attach balusters; at top,and bottom thru-bolts and the. passage. of a4.. with (1)#8 wood screw or (2)8d washers diahieter sphere‘ post-frame ring shank nails with 0.135" nominal diameter American Forest & Paper Association Page 16 16 GUARD POST ATTACHMENTS Deck guard posts shall be a minimum 4x4 (nominal) No.2 or higher grade (for species listed in Table l) with PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE GUARD POST TO OUTSIDE JOIST: Guard posts for guards which run parallel to the deck joists shall be attached to the outside joist per Figure 25. an adjusted bending design value not less than 1,050 psi. Figure 25: Guard Post to Outside Joist Example gua_rd posts may be located on either side of the outside-joist guard post (2)1/2" dia. thru- bolts and washers see FIGURE 24 for guard component attachment requirements at ﬁrst interior bay, provide 2x blocking at guard posts with hold-down anchors; attach blocking with 10d common nails top and bottom, each side outside-joist» outside-joist ' l. p '5‘ I Y guard I _sEcT|,oN_ post’, PLAN VIEW i*9u.8r.d‘_posts_can,besinstalled as shown in.Figure26 (b'e_tween joists) if blocking isinstalled as shown above within 12" of each side ofthe post GUARD POST TO RIM JOIST: Guard posts for guards that run perpendicular to the deck joists shall be attached to the rim joist in accordance with Figure 26. As shown in Figure 26, hold-down anchors must be deck joists. There shall be a minimum of two 1/2" diameter bolts at the hold-down anchors‘ attachment to the joist. Only hold-down anchor models meeting these minimum requirements shall be used. installed to attach the guard post and rim joist to-the Figure 26: Guard Post to Rim Joist Example see FIGURE 24 for guard component attachment requirements guard post _> hold-down anchor LLL___i__‘______.__l_l. joists align guard post at joist locations g rim joist minimum (2)1/2" diameter thru- bolts and X 2,, min hold-down anchor 5'?‘ ' '2-1/2" min. and 5" max. F’! ‘2" min. washers joistj j rim joist SECTION’ at joist location between joists PLAN VIEWS American Wood Council Page 17 1 I ' if QQYPRESCRIP-'l"lVE RESIDENTIAI-,WDO_D -‘DECK CONSTRUCTION ‘GUIDE STAIR REQUIREMENTS Stairs, stair stringers, and stair guards shall meet the requirements shown in Figure 27 through Figure 34 and Table 6 except where amended by the local jurisdiction. All stringers shall be a minimum of 2x12. Stair stringers shall not span more than the dimensions shown in Figure 28. If the stringer span exceeds these dimensions, then a 4x4 post may be provided to support the stringer and shorten its span length. The 4x4 post shall be notched and bolted to the stringer with (2) 1/2" diameter through- bolts with washers per Figure 8. The post shall be centered on a 12" diameter or 10" square, 6" thick footing. The footing shall be constructed as shown in Figure 34 and attached to the post as shown in Figure 12. An intermediate landing may also be provided to shorten Figure 27: Tread and Riser Detail Figure 29: Tread Connection Requirements Attachment pertread at-‘each stringer or. ledger; 2x_ or 5/4 treads - (2)8d common nails or (2_)#8 screws 224/2" long 3x_ treads - (2)16d common nailsor (2)#8:s'c'rews-23-1/2" long stringer ——\ treads: 2x_ or 5/4 board treads; see Table 6 18" max _ y 18" max . \ 36" {ﬂax 4 /M \ / 2x4 ledgers, each side, full depth of . tread; attach with (4)10d common \L'smngerS nails or (4)#8 wood screws 23" long SOLlD STRINGER CUT STRlNGER the stringer span (see provisions below). if the total vertical height of a stairway exceeds l2‘-O“, then an intermediate landing shall be required. All intermediate ‘stair lan_dings must be designed and constructed as a free-standing deck using the details in this document. Stairs shall be a minimum of 36" in width as shown in Figure 33 [R31 1.5]. If only cut stringers are used, a minimum of three are required. For stairs greater than 36" in width, a combination of cut and solid stringers can be used, but shall be placed at a maximum spacing of i 8" on center (see Figure 29). The width of each landing shall not be less than the width of the stairway served. Every landing shall have a minimum dimension oi‘36" measured in the direction oftravel and no less than the width of the stairway served [R3115]. Figure 28: Stair Stringer Requirements \/ max. span = 7‘-0" for southern pine Fax. span = 6'-‘0" for other Table 1 species I OUT STRINGER li # max. span = 16'-6" for southern pine r‘n_ax. span = 13'-3" for other Table 1 species‘ SOLlD STRINGER Table 6: Minimum Tread Size for Cut and Solid Stringers1 . Cut Solid Specles Stringer Stringer Southern Pine 2x4 or 5/4 2x6 Douglas Fir Larch, Hem-Fir, SPF2 2x4 or 5/4 2x8 or 3x4 Redwood, Western Cedars, Ponderosa Pines, Red Pine3 2x4 or 5/4 2X10 or 3x4 1. Assumes 300 lb concentrated load, L/288 deﬂection limit, No. 2 grade, and wet service conditions. 2. incising assumed for refractory species including Douglas ﬁr-larch, hem-ﬁr, and spruce-pine-ﬁr. 3. Design values based on northern species with no incising assumed. American Forest & Paper Association Page 18 18 PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Figure 30: Stair Guard Requirements 6'-O" maximum between posts stair guard is required for stairs with a total rise of 30" or more; see GUARD REQUIREMENTS for more information stair guard height: 34" mimmeasured from nosing of step Openings for required guards on the sides of stair treads shall not allow a sphere 4-3/8" to pass through. not permitthe passage of a 6" diameter sphere. Triangular opening shall . > Figure 31: Stair Stringer Attachment Detail rim joist or outside joist ll \\ l_ I 2 \ i ATTACHMENT WITH HANGERS sloped joist hanger; see JOIST HANGERS for more requirements STAIR HANDRAIL REQUIREMENTS All stairs with 4 or more risers shall have a handrail on at least one side (see Figure 32A) [R311.5.6]. The . handrail height measured vertically from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing shall be not less than 34 inches and not more than 38 inches (see Figure 30) [R311 .5.6.1]. Handrails shall be graspable and shall be composed of decay-resistant and/or corrosion resistant material. Handrails shallbe Type I, Type II, or provide equivalent graspability (see Figure 32B). Type I shall Figure 32A: Handrail Mounting Examples Fasten handrails per manufacturer recommendations 1 111'‘ min. \ . - ———’\,—- \—2X blocking I > corrosion-.resistant MOUNTED TO GUARD MOUNTED TO WALL have a perimeter dimension of at least 4" and not greater than 6—%''. Type II rails with a perimeter greater than 6-%'' shall provide a graspable ﬁnger recess area on both sides of the proﬁle [R311.5.6.3]. All shapes shall have a smooth surface with no sharp corners. Handrails shall run continuously from a point directly over the lowest riser to a point directly over the highest riser and shall return to the guard at each end (see Figure 33). Handrails may be interrupted by guard posts at a turn in the stair [R311.5.6.2]. Figure 32B: Handrail Grip Size 1'21: _ 230 1?! ~20 .5" E E L'><' E '.E' E NONCIRCULAR ‘CIRCULAR RECESSED [R31 1.5.6.3 Type I] Perimeter: 4" - 61" [R311 .563 Type ll] Perimeter: >62" American Wood Council Page 19 ' ‘ » ‘ PRE$CRIP'l'lVE~RE$lDENTlA1I. WOOLDQDECKEUNSTRUCTIONGUIDE‘ STAIR FOOTING REOUIREMENTS [R403] Where the stairway meets grade, attach the stringers to the stair guard posts as shown in Figure 34. Posts shall bear on footings. All footings shall bear on solid ground and shall be placed at least 12 inches below the undisturbed ground surface or below the frost line, whichever is deeper (see Figure 34). Stringers shall not bear on new or existing concrete pads or patios that are not founded below this depth. When guards are not required (see GUARD REQUIREMENTS), posts may terminate below the bottom tread elevation. STAIR LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS [11303.6] Stairways shall have a light source located at the top landing such that all stairs and landings are illuminated. The light switch shall be operated from inside the house. However, motion detected or timed switches are acceptable. Figure 33: Miscellaneous Stair Requirements Figure 34: Stair Footing Detail andrail height: 4"~88" from nosing of step ‘ __ handrail \ handrail shall return at each end £16" min. stair wid@ FRAMING AT CHIl\/INEY OR BAY WINDOW All members at a chimney or bay window shall be framed in accordance with Figure 35. Headers may span a ma_ximum of 6'-O". When a chimney or bay window is wider than 6'-O", one or more 6x6 posts may be added to stair stringers shall bear on -— concrete pad and not come in contact with the grouncl 4" co-nor+:—;te __ pad minimum reduce header spans to less than 6'-O". In such cases, the post footing must meet the requirements in the ~ FOOTINGS section. Headers with a span length greater than 6'-O" require a plan submission. Figure 35: Detail for Framing Around a Chimney or Bay Window my 7////// / chimney or ?" \\ -1 / bay wmdow L /// / / / J hanger, typical PLAN VIEW double joist, each side F double header ledger board ‘'> decking may { extend 6" maximum s " "' e\ / \-(2)1/2" diameter thru-bolt or lag screws at ledger SECTION chimney or_ bay wmdow American Forest & Paper Association Page 20 20 PRESCRIPTIVE RESIDENTIAL WOOD DECK CONSTRUCTION GUIDE AF'&PA® .AIV‘-lERlCAN .v 1 ‘woon @ COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL ‘ Engineered and Traditional "Wood P‘r0duc-is It is intended that this document be used in conjunction with competent design, accurate fabrication, and adequate supervision of construction. While every effort has been made to insure the accuracy of the information presented, the American Forest & Paper Association and its members do not assume responsibility for errors or omissions in the document, nor for designs, plans, or construction prepared from it. Those using this document assume all liability arising from its use. . Copyright © 2007, 2008 American Forest & Paper Association, Inc. O5-O8 American Wood Council

Original URL
http://www.wallnj.com/constr/Deck_Guide.pdf

BookArxiv