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Spotsylvania County, Virginia Typical Deck Details Page 1 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 1 of 29 Spotsylvania County, Virginia Typical Deck Details Based on the 2009 International Residential Code This design document applies to single-span, single-level residential decks only. Decks must be constructed in conformance with the details contained herein. A copy of this deck detail must be on the job site and available to the inspector during each required inspection. If the posts used for your guard rail system are not wood you must go through plan review and you cannot use this deck packet. Only guard systems with a valid evaluation report from an accredited listing agency will be approved for installation. Decks for Manufactured Homes must be FREESTANDING. Any attachment to a manufactured home must be designed by a registered design professional Page 2 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 2 of 29 CONTENTS guard joists post joist-to-beam connection rim joist footing guard post attachment beam ledger board attachment to existing house existing house floor construction ledger board fasteners decking post-to-beam connection General Requirements ...................................... 3 Decking .......................................................... 4 Joists ............................................................. 5 Beams ........................................................... 6 Deck Plan ....................................................... 7 Joist-to-Beam Connection ................................. 8 Joist Hangers .................................................. 8 Posts ............................................................. 8 Footings ................................................... 9, 10 Ledger Attachments .................................. 10, 11 Prohibited Ledger Attachments ........................ 12 Ledger Board Fasteners ....................... 12, 13, 14 Framing at Chimney or Bay Window ................. 14 Lateral Support ......................................... 15,16 Free-Standing Decks ...................................... 16 Guards .................................................... 17,18 Guard Post Attachments............................. 19,20 Stair ............................................... 20,21,22,23 Stair Lighting………………………………………………………….24 Safety Glazing………………………………………………………..25 Ramps……………………………………….……………………………26 Ledger Attachment Form………….……………………..27,28 The 2009 International Residential Code has three major changes: 1. Decks, porches greater than 20 sq. ft. in area that are accessible from inside of the dwelling unit shall have an electrical outlet along the perimeter of the deck. The receptacle shall be located not more than 6 feet 6 inches above the deck or porch surface. (see sheet 3). 2. Guard post attachments (see sheet 19,20). 3. Lateral bracing (see sheet 15,16). Page 3 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 3 of 29 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Lumber shall be southern pine, grade #2 or better and shall be ACQ, CA-B or CuN-W pressure treated. Lumber in contact with the ground shall be rated as “ground-contact.” Please note: not all treated lumber is rated for ground contact. 2. Wood-plastic composites are composed of bound wood and plastic fibers creating material that can be used as decking and guard elements as permitted herein. Permissible wood-plastic composites must bear a label indicating its performance criteria and compliance with ASTM D 7032 and installed in accordance with manufacturers guidelines and instructions. 3. Nails shall be ring-shanked or annular grooved. 4. Screws and nails shall be hot-dipped galvanized, stainless steel or approved for use with pressure treated lumber. 5. Hardware, e.g., joist hangers, cast-in-place post anchors, and mechanical fasteners, shall be galvanized with 1.85 oz/sf of zinc (G-185 coating) or shall be stainless steel. Use products such as “Zmax” from Simpson Strong-Tie or “Triple Zinc” and “Gold Coat” from USP. 6. Decks, porches greater than 20 sq. ft. in area that are accessible from inside of the dwelling unit shall have an electrical outlet along the perimeter of the deck. The receptacle shall be located not more than 6 feet 6 inches above the deck or porch surface. 7. Decks constructed in accordance with these details are not approved for privacy screens, planters, built-in/fixed seating or hot tub installations. 8. Deviations from this handout and conditions, which do not meet the details shown herein, may require a plan submission or engineering. 9. Inspections • A footing, framing, and final inspection are required on all decks. Footing inspections are required PRIOR to the placement of concrete. • Ledger board attachment method and material must be confirmed at footer inspection or deck must be free standing. • Framing and final inspections may be combined if all portions of the deck framing and mechanical attachments are at least 36" above grade. 10. It is the responsibility of the permit holder or the permit holder's representative to notify the County when the stages of construction are reached that requires an inspection. Inspection requests may be made using the IVR System; please have your permit number available when scheduling an inspection. Requests made prior to 4:00 p.m. on the automated systems may be scheduled for the next workday. IVR phone number: (540) 507-7087. Please note the following inspection codes: • Deck footing-210 • Porch/Deck Framing-101 • Final or Framing / Final-991 11. Decks shall NOT be used or occupied until an approved final inspection is obtained. Failure to obtain any and all inspections can result in the issuance of violations, which may lead to legal proceedings. Page 4 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 4 of 29 DECKING Approved Material Wood and wood-plastic composite decking shall be installed in accordance with the requirements below. • Dimensions shall be 2x6 or 5/4 ("five- quarter") for wood and per manufacturer for wood-plastic composites. • Wood decking may be placed at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees to the joists. • Attach wood decking in accordance with FIGURE 1. • Placement and attachment of wood-plastic composites shall be per manufacturer's instructions. (2)8d nails or (2)#8 screws at each joist 1 8 " typical gap wood 2x6 or 5/4 ("five quarter") board FIGURE 1: TYPICAL DECKING • Wood-plastic composite label and manufacturer's instructions must be left on the jobsite for inspector verification. Plastic Decking Plastic or PVC decking, not considered a wood-plastic composite, may be substituted only when the product has a valid evaluation report from an accredited listing agency and is capable of resisting a live load of 40 PSF. Installation shall be in conformance to the evaluation report and the manufacturer's installation instructions which must be available to the inspector. Page 5 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 5 of 29 JOISTS Joists shall be designed in accordance with the requirements below. • Joist span is measured between the centerline of bearing at each end of the joist and does not include the overhangs. • See FIGURE 2 through FIGURE 4 for joist span types. • Use TABLE 1 to determine your joist size based on span length and spacing. • The maximum overhang is equal to one-fourth of the length of the joist span (0.25 x joist span). • Attach rim joist to end of joists as shown in FIGURE 2 and FIGURE 4. post joist hanger optional overhang existing house wall ledger board rim joist joist beam joist span overhang1 attached rim joist to ends of each joist with (3) #10 x 3" wood screws or (3) 10d nails FIGURE 2: JOIST SPAN WITH OVERHANG - DECK ATTACHED AT HOUSE beam joist hanger existing house wall joist joist hanger post beyond ledger board joist span FIGURE 3: JOIST SPAN - JOISTS ATTACHED TO SIDE OF BEAM post post rim joist joist beam beam joist span optional optional overhang1 overhang1 existing house wall 2x blocking between joists; attach with (3) 10d toe nails each side attach rim joist to ends of each joist with (3) #10 x 3" wood screws or (3) 10d nails FIGURE 4: JOIST SPAN - FREE-STANDING DECK2 1 The maximum length of the overhang is equal to one-fourth of the joist span length (0.25 x joist span). 2 For more information on Free-Standing Decks, see Sheet 16. Page 6 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 6 of 29 TABLE 1: MAXIMUM JOIST SPAN LENGTH1 Joists without Overhangs Joist Spacing→ 12" 16" 24" Joist Size↓ 2x6 10’-4” 9’-5” 7’-10” 2x8 13'-8" 12'-5" 10'-2" 2x10 17'-5" 15'-10" 13'-1" 2x12 18'-0" 18'-0" 15'-5" Joists with Overhangs Joist Spacing→ 12" 16" 24" Joist Size↓ 2x8 10'-6" 10'-6" 10'-2" 2x10 15'-2" 15'-2" 13'-1" 2x12 18'-0" 18'-0" 15'-5" 1 Spans are based on 40 PSF live load, 10 PSF dead load, southern pine #2, normal loading duration, wet service conditions and deflections of ∆=ℓ/360 for main span and ℓ/180 for overhang. BEAMS Beams shall be designed and assembled in accordance with the requirements below. • As shown in FIGURE 5, beam span is measured between the centerlines of two adjacent posts. • Beam size is determined using TABLE 2. • Beams may overhang each end up to one-fourth of the beam span (0.25 x beam span) as shown in FIGURE 5. • Using the members identified in TABLE 2, beams shall be assembled in accordance with FIGURE 6. • Beam splices shall be located over interior post locations only. joists above post, typical beam beam splices at interior post locations only beam span beam span optional overhang1 optional overhang1 FIGURE 5: BEAM SPAN TYPES 1 The maximum length of the overhang is equal to one-fourth of the beam span length (0.25 x beam span). TABLE 2: MAXIMUM BEAM SPAN LENGTH1 Beam Size→ (2)2x6 (2)2x8 (2)2x10 (2)2x12 (3)2x6 (3)2x8 (3)2x10 (3)2x12 Joist Span↓ ≤ 6' 7'-1" 9'-2" 11'-10" 13'-11" 8'-7" 11'-4" 14'-5" 17'-5" > 6' - 8' 6'-2" 7'-11" 10'-3" 12'-0" 7'-8" 9'-11" 12'-10" 15'-1" > 8' - 10' 5'-6" 7'-1" 9'-2" 10'-9" 6'-11" 8'-11" 11'-6" 13'-6" > 10' - 12' 5'-0" 6'-6" 8'-5" 9'-10" 6'-3" 8'-1" 10'-6" 12'-4" > 12' - 14' 4'-8" 6'-0" 7'-9" 9'-1" 5'-10" 7'-6" 9'-9" 11'-5" > 14' - 16' 4'-4" 5'-7" 7'-3" 8'-6" 5'-5" 7'-0" 9'-1" 10'-8" > 16' - 18' 4'-1" 5'-3" 6'-10" 8'-0" 5'-2" 6'-7" 8'-7" 10'-1" 1 Spans are based on 40 PSF live load, 10 PSF dead load, southern pine #2, normal loading duration, wet service conditions and deflections of ∆=ℓ/360 for main span and ℓ/180 for overhang with a 230 lb. point load. Page 7 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 7 of 29 16" 10d common nail or #10 wood screw, staggered in 2 rows If a beam is constructed with 3-plies, attach each outside member to the inside as shown herein 2 common nails or screws at each end and at splice ends typical fastener spacing Note: splices are permitted in multi-span beams over interior post locations only. FIGURE 6: BEAM ASSEMBLY DETAIL DECK PLAN Complete Your Deck A framing plan shows a bird's-eye view of the joist and beam layout; the location of the ledger board, diagonal bracing, posts and footings, and the type, size and spacing of the ledger board fasteners. Use the sample typical deck framing plan shown in FIGURE 7 below and the requirements herein to complete your deck. 6x6 post 2x______ rim joist 2x______ ledger board with bolts, screws, anchors @ ______" on center 2x______ joists at 12", 16" or 24" on center ______ ______ ______" round or square footing overhan g (2) or (3) 2x______ beam joist hanger beam span = ______ joist span = ____ __ W = ______ L W = ______ < 2 ______ overhang overhang FIGURE 7: TYPICAL DECK FRAMING PLAN Page 8 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 8 of 29 JOIST-TO-BEAM CONNECTION Each joist shall be attached to the beam as shown in FIGURE 8. Use Option 1 or Option 2 when joists bear on or overhang past the beam as shown in FIGURE 2 and FIGURE 4. Use Option 3 when joists attach to the side of the beam as shown in FIGURE 3; however, the joist depth must be less than or equal in depth to the beam depth. See Joist Hangers below for information on hanger requirements. Mechanical fasteners or hurricane clips used in Option 2 shall have a minimum capacity of 100 lbs. in both uplift and lateral load directions. See manufacturer's instructions for minimum installation requirements. beam (3) 8d toe nailed (2 on one side, 1 on the other) mechanical fastener or hurricane clip OPTION 1* joist hanger top of beam and joist must be at same elevation OPTION 2 OPTION 3 *Option 1 is prohibited on free-standing decks FIGURE 8: JOIST-TO-BEAM DETAIL JOIST HANGERS Joist hangers, as shown in FIGURE 9, shall have a minimum capacity of 600 lbs. for 2x8s, 700 lbs. for 2x10s and 800 lbs. for 2x12s. The joist hanger shall be designed and manufactured for the number of plies it is carrying. Use joist hangers with inside flanges when clearances to the edge of the beam or ledger board dictate. Do not use clip angles or brackets to support framing members. Do not bend hanger flanges to accommodate field conditions. joist hanger with inside flanges FIGURE 9: TYPICAL JOIST HANGERS POSTS Deck posts shall be 6x6 with a maximum height of 14'-0" measured from the top of the footing to the underside of the beam. The beam shall be attached to the post by one of the methods shown in FIGURE 11. The attachment condition shown in FIGURE 10 is prohibited. The post cap shown in FIGURE 11, Option 2 shall be specifically designed for two- or three-ply beams and 6x6 posts with a minimum downward allowable load capacity of 5,000 lbs. Attachment shall be per manufacturer's instructions. Post caps shall be galvanized per the requirements noted on Sheet 3. Cut ends of posts shall be field treated with a wood preservative containing copper naphthenate. Such products can be found in the paint department of most hardware or home center stores. FIGURE 10: PROHIBITED POST-TO-BEAM ATTACHMENT Page 9 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 9 of 29 beam must bear on 6x6 notch 2-ply beams only (2) 1 2" diameter through-bolts with washers notch post to provide beam with flush and tight bearing 6x6 post OPTION 1 OPTION 2 post cap; attachment, fasteners per manu- facturer's instructions 3-ply beams must use post cap option 6x6 post FIGURE 11: POST-TO-BEAM CONNECTION OPTIONS FOOTINGS Footings shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements below. • Concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 PSI. • Footing size and thickness shall be in accordance with TABLE 3. • See FIGURE 12 for post attachment options and requirements. • Post anchors shall be galvanized per the requirements noted on Sheet 3. • Footings shall bear on solid ground; bearing conditions must be verified by county inspectors prior to placement of concrete. • Deck footings closer than 5'-0" to an existing exterior house wall must bear at the same elevation as the existing house footings. • Do not construct footings over utility lines or service pipe. Call Miss Utility at 811 before you dig. TABLE 3: FOOTING SIZE Beam Span Joist Span Size of Square Size of Round Minimum Thickness1 ≤ 10' 15" 17" 6" ≤ 8' >10' - 14' 18" 20" 8" >14' - 18' 21" 23" 9" ≤ 10' 19" 21" 8" > 8' - 12' >10' - 14' 22" 24" 10" >14' - 18' 26" 28" 11" >12' - 17' ≤ 10' 23" 25" 10" >10' - 14' 28" 30" 12" 1 The cast-in-place post base may require a footing thickness greater than the value in the table above. In such cases, the manufacturer's specified minimum footing thickness shall govern. Page 10 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 10 of 29 frost depth 24 " m inim u m grade per Table 3 pre-manufactured post base with cast-in-place post anchor footings must bear on solid ground p e r Ta ble 3 posts must be centered on footing 12" diameter concrete stem per Table 3 per Table 3 pe r T a b le 3 roughen concrete joint FIGURE 12: TYPICAL FOOTING OPTIONS/ LEDGER ATTACHMENTS Ledger boards shall be attached to the existing house in accordance with the requirements below. • The depth of a ledger board shall be greater than or equal to the depth of the joists. • The attachments shall be in accordance with FIGURE 14 through FIGURE 16. • The band board of the existing structure shall be capable of supporting the new deck. If this cannot be verified or conditions at the existing house differ from the details herein, then a free- standing deck is required. See Free-Standing Decks on Sheet 16. • County inspectors must verify all attachments. • Ledger Attachment Certification form (see sheet 26/27) must be provided to inspector at Footing inspection. • Compliance with all the requirements herein is critical to ensure the safety and structural stability of your deck. Siding and Flashing Flashing shall be installed in accordance with the requirements below. • The exterior finish, i.e., house siding, must be removed prior to the installation of the ledger board. • Continuous flashing with a drip edge, as shown in FIGURE 14, is required at the ledger board when connected to a wood band board. • Flashing shall be composed of copper (attached using copper nails only), stainless steel, UV resistant plastic or galvanized steel coated with 1.85 oz/sf of zinc (G-185 coating). • Flashing at a door threshold shall be installed so as to prevent water intrusion from rain or melting ice and snow. Wood I-Joists Many homes constructed with wood I-joists, as shown in FIGURE 13, have a 1" or thicker engineered wood product (EWP) band board capable of supporting a deck; see FIGURE 14. If a minimum 1" EWP or 2x band board is not present, then a free-standing deck is required. See Free-Standing Decks on Sheet 16 for more information. FIGURE 13: WOOD I-JOIST PROFILE 1 8 ” min imu m Deck post must be secured to footing or embedded in 4”concrete Page 11 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 11 of 29 or wood I-joist 2x floor joist exterior sheathing joist hanger remove siding at ledger prior to installation continuous flashing with drip edge deck joist existing house stud wall 2x ledger board; must be greater than or equal to the size of the joist existing foundation wall existing 2x or 1" minimum EWP band board 1 2" diameter lag screws or through-bolts with washers, or approved wood screws FIGURE 14: ATTACHMENT OF LEDGER BOARD-TO-BAND BOARD 1 2" diameter expansion anchors with washers deck joist joist hanger existing concrete or solid masonry wall 2x ledger board; must be greater than or equal to the size of the joist to resist corrosion and decay, this area should be caulked embed anchors per manufacturer's recommendations FIGURE 15: ATTACHMENT OF LEDGER BOARD-TO- FOUNDATION WALL (CONCRETE OR SOLID MASONRY) deck joist 8" block wall 1 2" diameter approved epoxy anchors with washers joist hanger existing hollow masonry wall to resist corrosion and decay, this area should be caulked 2x ledger board; must be greater than or equal to the size of the joist minimum embed anchors per manufacturer's recommendations FIGURE 16: ATTACHMENT OF LEDGER BOARD-TO- FOUNDATION WALL (HOLLOW MASONRY) Page 12 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 12 of 29 PROHIBITED LEDGER ATTACHMENTS The ledger board attachment conditions shown FIGURE 17 through FIGURE 19 below are strictly prohibited. In such cases the deck shall be free-standing. See FREE-STANDING DECKS on Sheet 16. house floor trusses deck joist FIGURE 17: FLOOR TRUSSES joist deck brick veneer or masonry chimney FIGURE 18: BRICK VENEER overhang or bay window FIGURE 19: HOUSE OVERHANG LEDGER BOARD FASTENERS Ledger board fasteners shall be installed in accordance with FIGURE 20 and the on center spacing in TABLE 4. Only those fastener types noted herein are approved for use. Adequacy of connections will be verified by county inspectors. typical spacing interior fasteners; 2 rows staggered1 NO LEAD ANCHORS 51 2" min. for 2x8 61 2" min. for 2x10 71 2" min. for 2x12 4 fasteners, each end of ledger board 2" 2" min. sides, top & bottom edges 2" FIGURE 20: LEDGER BOARD FASTENER SPACING AND CLEARANCES 1 Additional interior fasteners are required at chimney or bay window; see FIGURE 22. TABLE 4: LEDGER BOARD FASTENER SPACING, ON CENTER Joist Span→ ≤6' >6'-8' >8'-10' >10'-12' >12'-14' >14'-16' >16'-18' Fastener↓ Band Board↓ Lag Screws EWP1 24" 18" 14" 12" 10" 9" 8" 2x lumber 30" 23" 18" 15" 13" 11" 10" Through Bolts EWP1 24" 18" 14" 12" 10" 9" 8" 2x lumber 36" 36" 34" 29" 24" 21" 19" Approved Wood Screws2 1" EWP1 18" 13" 11" 9" 8" 7" 6" 2x lumber 19" 14" 11" 9" 8" 7" 6" Expansion Anchors - 36" 36" 34" 29" 24" 21" 19" Approved Epoxy Anchors - 32" 32" 32" 24" 24" 16" 16" 1 EWP = 1" minimum manufactured engineered wood product; see Sheet 10 for more information. 2 Wood screws shall be permitted to be spaced according to the product’s valid and current ICC-ES evaluation report. Page 13 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 13 of 29 Through-Bolts Through-bolts shall have a minimum diameter of 1/2". Pilot holes for through-bolts shall be 17/32" to 9/16" in diameter. Through-bolts must be equipped with washers at the bolt-head and nut. Expansion Anchors Use expansion anchors when attaching a ledger board to a concrete or solid masonry wall as shown in FIGURE 15. Bolt diameters of the anchors shall be a minimum of 1/2"; in some cases, this may require an anchor size of 5/8". Expansion anchors must be installed in accordance with manufacturer's specifications. Epoxy Anchors When attaching to concrete, solid masonry or hollow masonry, use one of the approved epoxy anchors listed in TABLE 5 with a minimum diameter of 1/2". Installation shall be in conformance to the manufacturer's instructions and as shown in FIGURE 16 for hollow masonry. Epoxy cartridges must be remain on the jobsite until inspector approval. TABLE 5: APPROVED EPOXY ANCHORS Manufacturer Product ITW Ramset/Red Head Epcon Acrylic 7 Hilti HY-20 Epoxy anchors other than those listed in TABLE 5 may be substituted only with an approved evaluation report from the International Code Council. The evaluation report and installation guidelines must be on the jobsite and available to the inspector during the inspection process. Installation must be in strict compliance with the evaluation report and the manufacturer’s instructions. Lag Screws Lag screws shall be installed in accordance with the requirements below. • The minimum diameter shall be 1/2". • Lag screws shall be hot-dipped galvanized or stainless steel. • Lag screws may be used only when the field conditions match those shown in FIGURE 14. • See FIGURE 21 for lag screw length and shank requirements. stainless steel only dipped galvanized or lag screws must be hot- existing band board length must extend through (no threads) 1 2 " dia. 11 2" shank screw must penetrate beyond band board a minimum of 1 2" FIGURE 21: LAG SCREW REQUIREMENTS • Lag screws shall be installed with washers. • Each lag screw shall have pilot holes drilled as follows: 1) Drill a 1/2" diameter hole in the ledger board 2) Drill a 5/16" diameter hole into the solid connection material of the existing house; do not drill a 1/2" diameter hole. • The threaded portion of the lag screw shall be inserted into the pilot hole by turning. Do not drive with a hammer. • Use soap or a wood-compatible lubricant as required to facilitate tightening. Page 14 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 14 of 29 • Each lag screw shall be thoroughly tightened snug, but shall not be overly tightened so as to cause wood damage. Wood Screws Use the wood screws listed in TABLE 6 with a 1/4" diameter and a sufficient length to fully penetrate the existing house band board. Installation shall be in conformance with the manufacturer's instructions. TABLE 6: APPROVED WOOD SCREWS Manufacturer Product FastenMaster LedgerLok Simpson Strong-Tie Strong-Drive Screws (SDS, SDW) Wood screws other than those listed in TABLE 6 may be substituted only with an approved evaluation report from the International Code Council. The evaluation report and installation guidelines must be on the jobsite and available to the inspector during the inspection process. Installation must be in strict compliance with the evaluation report and the manufacturer’s instructions. FRAMING AT CHIMNEY OR BAY WINDOW All framing at a chimney or bay shall be constructed in accordance with FIGURE 22 and the requirements below. • Header size shall be equal to the joist size. • When the chimney or bay window is deeper than 3'-0", install a 6x6 post with footing per the requirements on Sheet 9 below each triple joist at the location of the header connection. • When the header is longer than 6'-0", install 6x6 posts with footing per the requirements on Sheet 9 below the header to reduce the span to less than 6'-0". • Post footings must meet the requirements on Sheet 9. • Joist hangers shall be specifically designed to accommodate the number of members identified in FIGURE 22. PLAN VIEW SECTION decking may extend 6" maximum 3' max. Note: joist hangers shall be sized for the number of plies supported 3-ply1 joist, each side 3-ply1 joist 2 ledger board interior fasteners on each side of chimney or bay window2 6'-0" maximum chimney or bay window ledger board ledger board 2-ply header chimney or bay window FIGURE 22: REQUIREMENTS FOR FRAMING AT CHIMNEY OR BAY WINDOW 1 May be reduce to 2-ply joists if joist spacing = 24" on center, joist span ≤ 8'-6" or chimney/bay window depth ≤ 18". 2 Fasteners adjacent chimney/bay window are considered interior to the ledger board. See FIGURE 20 for fasteners requirements at the end of the ledger board. Page 15 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 15 of 29 LATERAL SUPPORT All decks greater than 2'-0" above grade shall resist lateral loading by providing diagonal bracing as shown in FIGURE 23 and in accordance with the following: • Diagonal bracing shall be 2x4 minimum. • Decks shall have diagonal bracing installed at beam locations. • Free-standing decks shall also have diagonal bracing installed parallel to joists at each post location in accordance with FIGURE 24. • Only one type of diagonal bracing shall be provide in each beam line as identified in FIGURE 23 and each joist line as identified in FIGURE 24. • Connection of diagonal bracing shall be in accordance with FIGURE 25. 2' 2' KNEE BRACING • place knee bracing at all beam- post locations K-BRACING • place k-bracing in two adjacent bays • k-bracing is prohibited in single bay decks X-BRACING • place x-bracing in alternating bays FIGURE 23: DIAGONAL BRACING AT BEAM-POST LOCATIONS (ALL DECKS) 2' 2' KNEE BRACING place knee bracing at all joist-post locations align joists to accommodate bracing connection at post K-BRACING • k-bracing shall be attached at the midspan of the joist • align joists to accommodate bracing connection at post X-BRACING provide blocking behind joist to align connection • align joists to accommodate bracing connection at post FIGURE 24: DIAGONAL BRACING AT JOISTS-POST LOCATIONS (free-standing decks only) Page 16 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 16 of 29 AT JOIST OR BEAM bracing, back of post bracing, front of post 1 2" diameter through- bolt with washer, typical AT POST-BEAM CONNECTION AT BOTTOM OF POST joist or beam bracing, back of post FIGURE 25: TYPICAL CONNECTIONS OF DIAGONAL MEMBERS FREE-STANDING DECKS Decks which are free-standing do not utilize the exterior wall of the existing house to support vertical loads. Instead, an additional beam with posts is provided at or offset from the existing house; see FIGURE 4. When the edge of the deck footings are closer than 5'-0" to an existing exterior house wall, it must bear at the same elevation as the existing house footings, see FIGURE 26 below. Beam size is determined by TABLE 2. joist overhang 2x blocking joists rim joist beam, posts existing house foundation wall < 5'-0", footings must be at same elevation as existing house footing diagional bracing FIGURE 26: FREE-STANDING DECK/ MAY USE BLOCKING TO ATTACH BRACING TO DECK Page 17 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 17 of 29 GUARDS When Required When a deck is greater than 30" above grade at a point 36" from the edge of the deck, as shown in FIGURE 27, a guard is required. Wood-Plastic Composites Wood-plastic composites of the same dimensions and complying with the criteria noted on Sheet 3 may be substituted for the guard rail- cap and infill elements shown in FIGURE 28 provided the manufacturer’s performance criteria specifically allow it. 36" >30" deck floor elevation grade elevation point edge of deck FIGURE 27: WHEN A GUARD IS REQUIRED Guard Systems Pre-fabricated systems composed of wood, wood-plastic composites or plastic purchased from a home center store, lumber company or similar will require a plan submission during the permit application process. Only guard systems with a valid evaluation report from an accredited listing agency will be approved for installation. 2x4 top and bottom; may be placed on either side of guard post; attach to post with (2) 8d ring-shank nails or (2) #8 wood screws (2) 1 2" diameter through-bolts and washers 36" DO NOT NOTCH 4x4 post, typical minimum 6'-0" maximum spacing openings shall not allow the passage of a 4" diameter sphere; wet lumber must be spaced such that when shrinkage occurs, the maximum opening is maintained rail cap: 2x6, 5/4 board or approved manufactured material attach pickets at top and bottom with (1) #8 wood screw or (2) 8d ring-shank nails with a 0.135" nominal diameter 2x2 pickets; may be placed on either side of guard FIGURE 28: TYPICAL GUARD DETAIL Figure 28 indicates a 36” minimum dimension from the finished deck elevation to the top of the rail cap. If permanent bench seats are incorporated into the deck design, the minimum 36” dimension shall be from the finished seat elevation to the top of the rail cap. Page 18 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 18 of 29 do not notch guard post at deck connection FIGURE 29: NOTCHING AT GUARD POSTS outside joist or rim joist 2" minimum centerline of guard post 2" minimum (2) 1 2" diameter through-bolts and washers 2 1 2 " min. 5" max . FIGURE 30: GUARD POST ATTACHMENT DETAIL GUARD POST ATTACHMENTS Guard posts must be attached in accordance with the requirements below. • Guard posts must be fastened to the framing in order to ensure the entire guard can resist imposed loads. • Hold-down anchors, as shown in OPTION 1, FIGURE 31and 31A or OPTION 2, FIGURE , 32A, 32B, shall be used to attach the guard post to the outside joist and rim joist, respectively. • Hold-down anchors shall have an 1,800 lb. minimum capacity and shall be galvanized per the requirements on Sheet 3. • Guard posts may be attached to either side of the rim joist or outside joist. • Blocking must be provided for fasteners at joist when rim joist are at a 45 degrees DECK POST ATTACHMENT OPTION 1 PLAN VIEW SECTION outside-joist outside-joist guard post at first interior bay, provide 2x blocking at guard posts; toe nail with 10d nails top and bottom, each side blocking hold-down anchor, typical guard post fasteners and attachment per hold-down manufacturer FIGURE 31: GUARD POST-TO-OUTSIDE JOIST DETAIL Page 19 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 19 of 29 hold-down anchor between joists at joist location align guard post at joist locations fasteners and attachment per hold-down manufacturer hold-down anchor joist rim joist rim joist SECTION PLAN VIEWS guard post rim joist guard post hold-down anchor joists FIGURE 31A: GUARD POST-TO-RIM JOIST DETAIL =================================================== DECK POST ATTACHMENT OPTION 2 FIGURE 32: FIGURE 32A GUARDRAIL POST AND SIDE OF JOIST WITH DOUBLE BLOCKING AND (2) 1/2” DIAMETER (HDG) THRU BOLTS GUARDRAIL POST AT CORNER GUARDRAIL POST AT JOIST GUARDRAIL POST BETWEEN JOIST ATTACHED TO RIM JOIST WITH (2) 1/2” DIAMETER (HDG) THRU BOLTS RIM JOIST HDG STUD PLATE TIE AT EACH DECK JOIST SIMULAR TO SIMPSON SP1 WITH HDG NAILS PER THE MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDATIONS See FIGURE 32C Page 20 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 20 of 29 FIGURE 32B FIGURE 32C STAIRS Stair Geometry Stairs shall be a minimum of 36" in width as shown in FIGURE 39. Tread riser and nosing dimensions, opening limitations and tolerance minimums shall meet the requirements shown in FIGURE 33. Tread & Riser Material Tread and riser material shall be in accordance with the requirements below. • Tread material shall be equivalent to decking as specified on Sheet 4. • Wood-plastic composites may not have capacity for stair treads equal to their wood equivalents. • 2x wood material shall be used on 36" wide stairs framed with two stringers only. See Sheet 22 for more information. • Tread material shall be attached per FIGURE 35. • Risers may be framed with 1x lumber minimum or equivalent wood-plastic composite. 81 4" maximum riser; height shall not deviate from one another by more than 3 8" 3 4" - 11 4" nosing; nosing shall not deviate from one another by more than 3 8" riser may be open, but shall not allow the passage of a 4" diameter sphere riser tread tread width 9" minimum FIGURE 33: TREAD AND RISER DETAIL SECTION GUARD RAIL POST MOUNTED ON THE OUTSIDE OF RIM JOIST PERPENDICULAR TO JOIST SIMPSON STUD PLATE TIE SP1 SECTION GUARD RAIL POST MOUNTED ON THE OUTSIDE OF END JOISTS BLOCK BOTH SIDES OF EACH GUARD POST Page 21 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 21 of 29 Stair Stringers Stringers shall be constructed in accordance with the following requirements. • Stringers shall be sawn or solid 2x12s meeting the stair geometry requirements shown in FIGURE 34. • Attach stringers to the deck per FIGURE 34. • Stringers shall be spaced at a maximum of 24" on center. However, stairs with a width equal to 36" may be constructed with two stringers provided the treads are comprised of wood 2x material only. • Measured horizontally, the maximum horizontal stringer spans shall not exceed the lengths shown in FIGURE 34. • Stringers with long spans may be supported with 4x4 posts along their length to create multiple compliant spans. The 4x4 post shall be notched and bolted to the stringer with (2) 1/2" diameter through-bolts with washers per FIGURE 11, Option 1. The post shall be centered on a 10" diameter or 8" square, 4" thick footing 12" below grade and be attached per FIGURE 12. • Intermediate landings may also be provided to shorten the stringer span; see Stair Landings on Sheet 22. SAWN STRINGER maximum span = 7'-0" maximum span = 16'-6" SOLID STRINGER 5" m inim um FIGURE 34 STAIR STRINGER REQUIREMENTS Option : Stringer attached to trimmer with Framing anchors. Trimmer Attached to connector Board with (2) ½ Dia. HDG Thru Bolts. Connector Board Attached to Joist with (2) ½ Dia HDG thru Bolts FIGURE 34A: STAIR STRINGER ATTACHMENT DETAIL Page 22 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 22 of 29 Cut Stringer may be maximum 24” apart stringer SOLID STRINGER tread CUT STRINGER stringer attach tread material with (2) #8 screws or (2) 8d nails per board at each stringer or ledger tread 2x4 ledger, each side, full depth of tread; attach with (4)10d nails or (4)#8 screws 18" 18" 36" maximum FIGURE 35: TREAD CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS Stair Landings If the total vertical height of a stairway exceeds 12'-0", then an intermediate landing will be required. Intermediate stair landings shall be designed and constructed as a free-standing deck using the details herein. However, for stair landings only, 4x4 posts may be used in lieu of 6x6 posts for heights less than or equal to 7'-0". Every landing shall have a minimum dimension of 36" measured in the direction of travel and not less than the width of the stairways served. between posts 6'-0" maximum diameter sphere permit the passage of a 6" triangular opening shall not 34" measure from stair guard height: nosing of step stair guard is required for stairs with a total rise more than 30" at a point 36" from the edge of the stair; see Guard Requirements for more information provide blocking between stair stringers at guard post locations; toe nail with 10d nails top and bottom, each side guard post FIGURE 36: STAIR GUARD REQUIREMENTS 24” 24” Min. 2x tread FIGURE 28 for more information Page 23 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 23 of 29 Stair Handrails Handrails shall be constructed in accordance with the following requirements. • Stairs with four or more risers shall have a handrail on one side. • Handrails shall be graspable per FIGURE 37. • Handrail and connecting hardware material shall be decay-resistant and/or corrosion resistant. • Handrail shall be attached to the stair guard or an existing exterior wall which acts as a barrier to the stairs. See FIGURE 38. • All shapes shall have a smooth surface with no sharp corners. • Recessed sections may be shaped from a 2x6 or 5/4 board. • Handrails shall run continuously from a point directly over the lowest riser to a point directly over the highest riser and shall return to the guard at each end; see FIGURE 39. • Handrails may be interrupted by guard posts only at a turn in the stair. 11 4" - 23 4" min. 3 4 " max. min. 1 3 4 " min. 11 4" - 2" Perimeter: 4" - 61 4" 2 1 4 " m ax. CIRCULAR RECESSED NONCIRCULAR max. 7 8 " 3 8 " 5 16" Perimeter > 61 4" FIGURE 37: HANDRAIL GRASPABILITY TYPES/GEOMETRY attach blocking, handrail to guard with 8d nails @ 16" o.c. MOUNTED TO GUARD MOUNTED TO WALL 34"-38" to nosing of stairs, typical wall guard post 13 4" min. 13 4" min. 2x blocking 11 2" min. corrosion-resistant handrail hardware 11 2" min. 11 2" min. FIGURE 38: HANDRAIL REQUIREMENTS Page 24 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 24 of 29 Stair Lighting Stairways shall have a light source located at the top landing such that all stairs and landings are illuminated. Lights shall be operated from switches inside the house, motion detectors or timed switches. 36" min. stair width handrail ha nd ra il h e ig h t: n o s ing of s te p 34 "-3 8 " from handrail shall return at each end all stairs and landings must be illuminated; see Stair Lighting FIGURE 39: MISCELLANEOUS STAIR REQUIREMENTS Stair Stringer Footings Stair stringers at grade shall bear on a concrete footing as shown in FIGURE 40. The footings for each stringer may be combined and poured as a 12" deep slab. Or the guard rail posts may be extended into the ground and set upon a minimum footing. Minimum footing depth shall be 12 inches below grade stringer 8" square or 10" round, 12" deep footing stringer guard post FIGURE 40: STAIR STRINGER FOOTING Page 25 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 25 of 29 SAFETY GLAZING To reduce injury due to an accidental impact, safety glazing in window and door glass is required when the existing house wall encloses any portion of the deck or acts as a barrier to adjacent stairs, landings and the areas at the top and bottom of the stairs. Safety glazing shall be located in the affected panes of the areas identified below. • Adjacent surface of deck: individual panes wholly located in the area identified in FIGURE 41 with a total pane area greater than 9 sf. • Adjacent stairway: individual panes partially or wholly located in the area shown in FIGURE 42. glass panes wholly within this area and more than 9 sf must be safety glazed 36" 18" walking surface of deck FIGURE 41: SAFETY GLAZING AREA AT WALKING SURFACE 60" 36" 60" 60 " glass panes, partially or wholly, within this area adjacent stairs must be safety glazed walking surface of deck lower walking surface FIGURE 42: SAFETY GLAZING AREA AT STAIRS Page 26 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 26 of 29 RESIDENTIAL RAMPS The maximum slope of a ramp is 1-inch vertical to 12-inches horizontal (8.33 percent slope). Handrails are required on at least one side of all ramps with slopes exceeding a slope of 1-inch vertical in 12-inches horizontal (8.33 percent slope). A minimum 3-foot by 3-foot landing shall be provided, at the top and bottom of ramps, where doors open onto ramps and where ramps change direction. Guardrails are required when the raised floor surfaces are greater than 30 inches above the floor or grade below. (See: FIGURE 36: TYPICAL GUARDRAIL DETAIL) A 1:8 SLOPE IS ALLOWED WHERE 1:12 IS TECHNIALLY INFEASIBLE UP 1 12 Page 27 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 27 of 29 Spotsylvania County BUILDING SAFETY DEPARTMENT 9019 OLD BATTLEFIELD BLVD STE 300, SPOTSYLVANIA VA 22553-2039 PH# 540-507-7222 LEDGER ATTACHMENT CERTIFICATION Must be completed and provided to inspector at footing inspection Approved 3rd party inspection agencies must submit this completed form to the Building Safety Department along with their footing inspection report. Ledger board attachments to existing exterior wall shall be constructed per FIGURES A-D (see back) and the Spotsylvania County Typical Deck Details; otherwise a full plan submission is required or the deck must be free- standing. Ledger board fasteners shall be lag screws, thru-bolts, expansion anchors, or approved epoxy anchors. The material intended to support the deck ledger must be exposed and verified by the inspector at the footing inspection when conditions 1, 2, or 3 are used. (A, 1”-1 1/2” hole must be drilled through manufactured rim boards to verify thickness. A ladder must be provided for the inspection when site conditions warrant one. I hereby certify that I have adhered to one of the four conditions above, and that the field conditions will match those shown in the Spotsylvania County Typical Deck Details. I am the: □Contractor □Owner □Owner’s Agent ___________________________________________________________________ Print Name ________________________________________________________ ___/___/___ Signature Date A copy of the Spotsylvania County Typical Deck Details and a completed copy of this certification statement are required to be available to the inspector in the field. Address:_______________________________________________________________________________________ Permit Number:__________________________________________________________________________________ FOR COUNTY USE ONLY: Accepted by: Date:________/_______/_______ Inspector: ______________________________________________ PROHIBITED LEDGER ATTACHMENTS Rev 5-16-12 1 of 2 ・ CONDITION 1: LEDGER BOARD-TO-BAND BOARD, A ・ CONDITION 2: LEDGER BOARD-TO-FOUNDATION WALL (CONCRETE OR SOLID MASONRY),B ・ CONDITION 3: LEDGER BOARD-TO-FOUNDATION WALL (HOLLOW MASONRY), C ・ CONDITION 4: FREE-STANDING DECK, D CHECK CONDITION THAT APPLIES Page 28 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 28 of 29 Spotsylvania County BUILDING SAFETY DEPARTMENT 9019 OLD BATTLEFIELD BLVD STE 300, SPOTSYLVANIA VA 22553-2039 PH# 540-507-7222 FIGURE A: ATTACHMENT OF LEDGER BOARD-TO-BAND BOARD FIGURE B: ATTACHMENT OF LEDGER BOARD-TO-FOUNDATION WALL (CONCRETE OR SOLID MASONRY) FIGURE C: ATTACHMENT OF LEDGER BOARD-TO-FOUNDATION WALL (HOLLOW MASONRY) FIGURE D: FREE STANDING DECK ATTACHED TO HOUSE FOR LATERAL SUPPORT ONLY Rev 5-16-12 2 of 2 1” minimum Page 29 Effective 3/1/12 revised 5-18-12 Spotsylvania County, Virginia - Typical Deck Details Sheet 29 of 29 ATTENTION River Meadows, Section 2 UNCONTROLLED FILLS ON SITE ALL LOTS Must have a geotechnical engineering firm Inspect and approve all footings, piers, and Slabs for allowable bearing pressures. Report must be submitted with seal and signature of engineer to the Building Inspections Office. The permit number and job location must be indicated on the report.
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