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North Carolina READY End-of-Course Assessment Biology Student Booklet Page 1 North Carolina READY End-of-Course Assessment Biology Student Booklet Copyright 2012 by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. All rights reserved. © Academic Services and Instructional Support Division of Accountability Services Released Form RELEASED Page 2 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 1 Sample Questions S1 A bird-watcher records the movement of migrating birds. In which part of the scientific process is the bird-watcher participating? A controlling variables B experimenting C observing D hypothesizing S2 Which deals with the transmission of inherited traits from one generation to another? A anatomy B genetics C ecology D forensics RELEASED Page 3 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 2 Go to the next page. 1 What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? A It will be unable to carry out respiration. B It will lose water through osmosis. C It will break down the ribosomes in the cell. D It will be unable to photosynthesize. 2 What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg? A differentiation B natural selection C selective breeding D genetic engineering 3 During strenuous exercise, body temperature increases. The body responds to the increase in temperature by sweating, which helps to reduce the body temperature. Which is demonstrated in this situation? A excretion B metabolism C homeostasis D synthesis RELEASED Page 4 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 3 Go to the next page. 4 Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing? A The cytoplasm separates. B The DNA replicates. C The sister chromatids separate. D The homologous chromosomes cross over. 5 What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle? A to use oxygen to produce glucose B to take in excess water C to use carbon dioxide to produce glucose D to feed on herbivores 6 Two different populations of birds live in the same area and eat the same types of food. Which most likely describes the relationship between these two populations of birds? A competition B mutualism C parasitism D predator-prey RELEASED Page 5 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 4 Go to the next page. 7 What will most likely happen if the human population continues to grow at current rates? A There will be fewer natural resources available for future generations. B There will be an increase in nitrogen levels in the atmosphere. C There will be a decrease in water pollution. D There will be an increase in the number of strong hurricanes. 8 A sea turtle has washed up on a remote section of a beach. This is known as a “stranding.” Stranding occurs when a dead, sick or injured sea turtle washes up on the shoreline. Which statement best explains why “stranding” should be reported immediately to local authorities? A The information can be very useful to biologists and managers who are trying to protect the species. B The information can be very useful to protect sea turtles from predators. C The information can be very useful to local fishermen who try to catch fish that sea turtles eat. D The information can be very useful to tourists who may want to keep sea turtles as pets. 9 A strand of DNA has these bases: AGC CAT GTA TAC What is the complementary DNA strand? A ACG GAT CTA TAG B TCG GTA CAT ATG C TGC CTA GAT ATC D UCG CUA CAU AUG RELEASED Page 6 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 5 Go to the next page. 10 Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among proteins, DNA, and cells? A Proteins combine to produce cells, which produce DNA. B Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are produced. C DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to function. D Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins. 11 Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction? A It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism. B It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism. C It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism. D It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism. 12 Which process produces the most variation within a species? A asexual reproduction B sexual reproduction C mitosis D cloning RELEASED Page 7 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 6 Go to the next page. 13 Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientists? A gene cloning B gene therapy C DNA fingerprinting D karyotyping 14 Which is one reason scientists produce transgenic organisms? A to create new species of organisms B to control microorganisms in the soil C to prevent habitats from being destroyed D to treat certain types of diseases 15 This paper-and-pencil version of the assessment cannot display items available only online. RELEASED Page 8 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 7 Go to the next page. 16 The use of pesticides on crops has been a common farming practice for decades. What has been the greatest effect of natural selection through the use of pesticides on certain insect populations? A Natural selection has been altered because the insects and their predators are killed. B The rate of selection is increased because the pesticides do not kill the insects that are naturally resistant to it. C The rate of selection has decreased because the pesticides kill only young insects. D The pesticides have altered natural selection by causing the insect DNA to spontaneously mutate. 17 What is the difference between the full classification of organisms and their scientific names? A The full classification of organisms and their scientific names vary in different countries. B The scientific names of organisms include the order and family of the organisms, but the full classification includes only the species name. C The full classification of organisms will include more categories of organisms than their scientific names. D The scientific names of organisms include a single nomenclature, but the full classification includes various nomenclatures. 18 What type of organic molecules are enzymes? A carbohydrates B lipids C nucleic acids D proteins RELEASED Page 9 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 8 Go to the next page. 19 What are the subunits of DNA and their function? A nucleotides that store information B monosaccharides that provide quick energy for the cell C lipids that store energy and provide insulation D proteins that provide the building blocks for the structural components of organisms 20 How does the amount of energy resulting from fermentation compare with that of aerobic respiration? A Aerobic respiration results in less energy. B Aerobic respiration results in more energy. C Each process results in equal amounts of energy. D Each process results in variable amounts of energy. RELEASED Page 10 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 9 Go to the next page. 21 This diagram shows a plant cell. Which structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell? A B C D 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 RELEASED Page 11 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 10 Go to the next page. 22 Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells? A A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. B Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. C Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. D Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 23 A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant? A They will swell because water will move into them. B They will swell because salt will move into them. C They will shrink because water will move out of them. D They will shrink because salt will move out of them. 24 During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division? A cytokinesis B anaphase C prophase D interphase RELEASED Page 12 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 11 Go to the next page. 25 The males of a bird species do a “dance” and “sing a song” each spring. What is the main purpose of these behaviors? A to scare off young birds B to imprint young birds C to clean their feathers D to attract female birds 26 The yucca plant releases a strong scent at night when the yucca moth is active. The yucca moth, attracted by the scent, gathers pollen from the yucca flower. The yucca moth then deposits her eggs and the pollen on another plant. This ensures that the plant will be cross-pollinated and that the yucca moth larvae have a steady food supply. Which relationship does this best illustrate? A commensalism B mutualism C parasitism D predation 27 Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels? A global climate change B pollution of ocean waters C ozone layer destruction D decrease in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide RELEASED Page 13 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 12 Go to the next page. 28 The construction of a new coal-burning power plant would have the greatest impact on which environmental issue? A depletion of the ozone B production of acid rain C release of radiation D increase in deforestation 29 A segment of DNA has this sequence: ATA GCA CAT GTA What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from this segment? A TAT CGT GTA CAT B TAT GCT CTA GAT C UAU CGU GUA CAU D UAU GCU CUA CAU RELEASED Page 14 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 13 Go to the next page. 30 This chart shows which amino acids are coded for by different combinations of mRNA nucleotides. Which amino acids are coded for by an mRNA segment that reads CAG GUG? A arginine and valine B isoleucine and arginine C glutamine and valine D valine and isoleucine Codons in mRNA Second Base First Base Third Base U U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG U C A G Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Isoleucine Isoleucine Isoleucine Methionine or start Valine Valine Valine Valine C UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Serine Serine Serine Serine Proline Proline Proline Proline Alanine Alanine Alanine Alanine A UAU UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA AAG GAU GAC GAA GAG Tyrosine Tyrosine Stop Stop Histidine Histidine Glutamine Glutamine Asparagine Asparagine Lysine Lysine Glutamic Acid Aspartic Acid Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid G UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG Cysteine Cysteine Stop Tryptophan Arginine Arginine Arginine Arginine Arginine Arginine Serine Serine Glycine Glycine Glycine Glycine Threonine Threonine Threonine Threonine RELEASED Page 15 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 14 Go to the next page. 31 This paper-and-pencil version of the assessment cannot display items available only online. 32 The inheritance of short wings in Drosophila fruit flies is an x-linked, recessive trait. Which would most likely result if a short-winged female mates with a long-winged male? A All offspring will be short-winged. B All females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged. C All females will be short-winged, and all males will be long-winged. D Half of the males and females will be short-winged, and half will be long-winged. RELEASED Page 16 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 15 Go to the next page. 33 This diagram shows the DNA fingerprints of a baby and four couples. A hospital wants to identify the parents of a baby. Based on the DNA fingerprints, which couple is most likely the parents of the baby? A Couple W B Couple Z C Couple Y D Couple X 34 Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria? A A plasmid is used to replace a faulty gene in a human cell. B A chain of bacterial amino acids is inserted into human DNA. C A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid. D A mutation is produced in a bacterial cell. Baby #1 #3 #5 #7 #2 #4 #6 #8 Couple W Couple X Couple Y Couple Z RELEASED Page 17 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 16 Go to the next page. 35 Which would most likely produce a mutation that is passed on to offspring? A radiation changing the DNA sequence in skin cells B a gamete with an extra chromosome forming C tobacco smoke altering the genes in lung cells D exposure to chemicals altering nerve cell function 36 A large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide. A few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray. What can best be inferred from this example? A A species will adapt no matter what the environment. B The environment has no effect on the survival of an organism. C Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation. D Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce. RELEASED Page 18 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 17 Go to the next page. 37 This diagram shows a cladogram of six species based on amino acid similarities. Which two species are the most closely related? A I and II B II and IV C I and V D V and VI 38 Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation? A DNA B glucose C fat D starch I Common Ancestor II III IV V VI RELEASED Page 19 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 18 Go to the next page. 39 Which most directly controls the rate at which food is broken down to release energy? A enzymes B hormones C nucleic acids D vitamins 40 If energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell, what is most likely occurring? A active transport B passive transport C osmosis D diffusion 41 How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? A Both contain a nucleus. B Both contain ribosomes. C Both contain membrane-bound organelles. D Both contain cell walls. RELEASED Page 20 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 19 Go to the next page. 42 How does DNA code for proteins in a cell? A by creating a new double helix structure B by using its phosphate and sugar molecules C by adding more hydrogen bonds to its structure D by arranging certain nitrogen bases of the cell in a particular order 43 What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis? A two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell B two cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell C four cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell D four cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell 44 These diagrams represent a Euglena and a Paramecium. Which function do structures X and Y have in common? A digestion B gathering food C movement D reproduction Euglena Paramecium X Y RELEASED Page 21 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 20 Go to the next page. 45 At night, moths travel toward light. Which type of behavior does this describe? A habituation B imprinting C innate behavior D learned behavior 46 A field ecologist wants to determine the interactions of various populations of organisms living in a large grassland field. Which method is best for conducting this study? A consulting with local farmers about the diversity of organisms in the field B dividing the field in half, walking over it, counting organisms, and then doubling the numbers C walking over the entire field, collecting the organisms, and then compiling a total D observing the behaviors of different types of organisms several times during the year 47 Which environmental factor would cause the greatest decrease in the number of species of plants and animals living in some of the lakes in the United States? A increase in dissolved oxygen levels B global warming C ozone destruction D acid rain RELEASED Page 22 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 21 Go to the next page. 48 If worldwide deforestation is not regulated, what could most likely result? A Acid rain could lower the pH of rivers and lakes to dangerous levels for aquatic life. B CO2 levels in the atmosphere could increase and contribute to global warming problems. C Plants and animals could become better adapted to living in desert conditions. D Future generations of humans could have an excess of wood and paper products. 49 This paper-and-pencil version of the assessment cannot display items available only online. 50 How would overexposure to X-rays affect most animal cells? A It would increase cell specialization in organs. B It would change the sequence of DNA nucleotides in affected cells. C It would produce new nucleotides for DNA molecules. D It would cause an increase in red blood cell production. RELEASED Page 23 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 22 Go to the next page. 51 How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different? A Sexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but asexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents. B Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents, but sexual reproduction produces offspring with traits from both parents. C Sexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but asexual reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms. D Asexual reproduction only occurs in multicellular organisms, but sexual reproduction only occurs in unicellular organisms. 52 Which characteristic is present in offspring produced by sexual reproduction, but is missing in offspring produced by asexual reproduction? A an identical copy of parent chromosomes B twice the number of parent chromosomes C only half the number of parent chromosomes D an independent assortment of parent chromosomes 53 Two people believe they are related. Which would be the best technique to determine if they are related? A testing blood types B comparing DNA C examining karyotypes D testing for genetic disorders RELEASED Page 24 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 23 Go to the next page. 54 Which will most likely cause variations to occur within a species? A competition B mutation C mutualism D predation 55 In which populations does genetic drift most often occur? A in small populations B in large populations C in marine populations D in terrestrial populations 56 What is the best explanation for the continual changes in the classification system of organisms? A All organisms struggle for existence and become extinct. B All organisms compete to be at the top of the food chain. C Technological advances have allowed scientists to better compare organisms. D More species have been discovered, but scientists have not analyzed all the data. RELEASED Page 25 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 24 Go to the next page. 57 The diagram below shows a phylogenetic tree for animals. Which two groups of organisms have the most genetic differences? A rotifers and nematodes B mollusks and annelids C mollusks and arthropods D echinoderms and chordates Ancestor Unicellular Protozoa Sponges Jellyfish, Hy dra, Corals Flatworms R otifers Nematodes Mollusks Annelids Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates RELEASED Page 26 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 25 Go to the next page. 58 Which factor most affects the order of amino acids in a protein? A the DNA located in the nucleus of the cell B the cell in which the protein is located C the amount of ATP available for the cell’s use D the area in a cell where proteins are produced 59 Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration? A Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. B More water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. C More oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. D Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. 60 Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane? A Substances are moving rapidly across the cell membrane. B ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane. C Substances are moving from high to low concentrations. D Substances are moving through channels in the cell membrane. RELEASED Page 27 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 26 Directions: This is the end of the Biology test. 1. Put all of your papers inside your test book and close your test book. 2. Stay quietly in your seat until your teacher tells you that testing is finished. RELEASED Page 28 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 1 Biology RELEASED Form – Paper/Pencil Version 2012–2013 Answer Key Item Number Item Type Key Unifying Concept S1 MC C S2 MC B 1 MC A 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 2 MC A 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 3 MC C 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 4 MC B 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 5 MC C 2 — Ecosystems 6 MC A 2 — Ecosystems 7 MC A 2 — Ecosystems 8 MC A 2 — Ecosystems 9 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics 10 MC D 3 — Evolution and Genetics 11 MC C 3 — Evolution and Genetics 12 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics 13 MC C 3 — Evolution and Genetics 14 MC D 3 — Evolution and Genetics 15 TE Online only 3 — Evolution and Genetics 16 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics 17 MC C 3 — Evolution and Genetics 18 MC D 4 — Molecular Biology 19 MC A 4 — Molecular Biology 20 MC B 4 — Molecular Biology 21 MC D 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 22 MC B 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms RELEASED Page 29 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 2 Item Number Item Type Key Unifying Concept 23 MC C 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 24 MC D 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 25 MC D 2 — Ecosystems 26 MC B 2 — Ecosystems 27 MC A 2 — Ecosystems 28 MC B 2 — Ecosystems 29 MC C 3 — Evolution and Genetics 30 MC C 3 — Evolution and Genetics 31 TE Online only 3 — Evolution and Genetics 32 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics 33 MC D 3 — Evolution and Genetics 34 MC C 3 — Evolution and Genetics 35 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics 36 MC D 3 — Evolution and Genetics 37 MC D 3 — Evolution and Genetics 38 MC C 4 — Molecular Biology 39 MC A 4 — Molecular Biology 40 MC A 4 — Molecular Biology 41 MC B 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 42 MC D 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 43 MC A 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 44 MC C 1 — Structure and Functions of Living Organisms 45 MC C 2 — Ecosystems 46 MC D 2 — Ecosystems 47 MC D 2 — Ecosystems 48 MC B 2 — Ecosystems 49 TE Online only 3 — Evolution and Genetics 50 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics RELEASED Page 30 BIOLOGY RELEASED FORM 3 Item Number Item Type Key Unifying Concept 51 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics 52 MC D 3 — Evolution and Genetics 53 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics 54 MC B 3 — Evolution and Genetics 55 MC A 3 — Evolution and Genetics 56 MC C 3 — Evolution and Genetics 57 MC C 3 — Evolution and Genetics 58 MC A 4 — Molecular Biology 59 MC A 4 — Molecular Biology 60 MC B 4 — Molecular Biology Item Types: MC = multiple choice TE = technology enhanced RELEASED
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